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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a homogeneous mixture? |
A mixture which has a uniform composition and substances cannot be easily distinguished between each other |
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What is a Heterogeneous mixture? |
Where one compound is mixed into the other and there are two distinct physical phases |
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What does is mean when the term suspension is used when talking about a Heterogeneous mixture? |
When a solid that is larger than 1um is held within the solution |
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What is meant by the term colloid? |
When solid partials smaller than 1um are held within a solution |
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What is the colloid called when a liquid is in a gas? |
Aerosol |
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What is the colloid called when a solid is in a gas? |
Smoke or vapour |
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What is the colloid when a gas is in a liquid? |
Foam |
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What is the colloid called when a gas is in a solid? |
Solid foam. E.g. Polystyrene |
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What is the colloid called when a liquid is in a solid? |
Gel e.g. Jelly and cheese |
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What is the colloid called when a solid is in a solid? |
Sol |
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What are the first 10 names for alkanes? |
Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, Nonane, decane |
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What is an alkane? |
A fully saturated hydrocarbon |
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What does saturated mean? |
Consists of single bonds |
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How many bonds does carbon form? |
Four |
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How many carbon atoms does an organic molecule need to be liquid at room temp? |
Between 5 and 18 |
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How many carbon atoms does an organic molecule need to be a solid at room temp? |
18 or more |
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How is the base of the alkane name decided? |
By the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule structure. |
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What three types of reactions effect alkanes? |
Combustion. Halogenation. Dehydrogenation. |
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What are the products of combustion of a pure hydrocarbon? |
Carbon dioxide. Water. Heat |
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Explain halogenation |
When a hydrogen atom on the alkane chain is replaced by a halogen |
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Explain dehydrogenation |
The removal of a water molecule |
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How many bonds do alkenes have? |
At least one double bond |
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How many bonds do alkynes have? |
At least one triple bond |
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Which are easier to break pi bonds or sigma bonds? |
Pi bonds |
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What shape structure does an aromatic compound have? |
Cyclic |
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What is an aliphatic compound |
Open chained molecules |
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What is dynamic chemical equilibrium? |
When the rates of both the forward and backwards reactions are in ballance however the concentrations are not equal. |
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What happens to the solubility of a gas in an aqueous solvent when the temperature increase? |
The solubility decreases |
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What makes a gas more soluble in water? |
Being polar |
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What is equilibrium |
When the forward reaction rate is the same as the reverse reaction rate |
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In which year was le chatelier born? |
1850 |
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What is le chatelier principle? |
If there is ever a disturbance to the equilibrium the reaction will counteract this disturbance so equilibrium can be reached again. |
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What classes as a disturbance to equilibrium? |
Addition of chemicals. Removal of chemicals. Changes in temperature. Changes in pressure. Dilution of substance. |
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What would benefit a reaction where the products are endothermic? |
Temperature increase |
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What would benefit a reaction where the products are exothermic? |
A decrease in temperature |
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What is the formula for calculating the equilibrium constant? K. |
The concentration of products divides by the concentration of reagents. |
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What does it mean when the equilibrium constant is greater than one. |
That the products of the reaction are favoured. |
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What does it mean when the equilibrium constant is less than one. |
That the reactants are favoured |
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In what state are noble gases found? |
Monotonic state |
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Why do noble gases exist in a monotonic state? |
Because they already have a full valence shell |
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What three things increase as you descend the group of noble gases? |
Atomic mass. Melting point. Boiling point. |
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What happens to the ionisation energy as you descend the group? |
It decreases |
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What happens to the reactivity potential in the noble gas group? |
It increases as the larger the atom the more reactive |
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What is ionisation energy? |
The amount of energy it takes to pull electrons away |
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What is the difference between oxidation and reduction? |
Oxidation is the loss of an electron and reduction is the gain of an electron |
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In which direction does the oxidising ability decrease in the halogens? |
Down the group |
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What is flourine at room temp? |
A pale yellow gas |
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What is chlorine at room temp? |
A pale green gas |
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What is bromine at room temp? |
A reddish brown liquid |
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What is iodine at room temp and what colour is its vapour? |
Grey solid at room temp and has a purple vapour |
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In which direction does the reactivity decrease in the halogens group? |
Down the group |
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Explain halogen displacement |
The more reactive element will displace the less reactive... In other words it steals its electrons |
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What happens when halogens react with metals? |
They form metal halides? |
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What is the most common metal halide? |
Sodium chloride. Table salt. |
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What happens when halogens react with hydrogen gas? |
They produce the corresponding hydrogen halide |
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What colour are the noble gases? |
Colourless |
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What does monotonic mean? |
They exist as single atoms |
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Why does the boiling point increase with larger atoms? |
Because the intermolecular forces are stringer in bigger atoms than smaller |
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What is helium used for and why? |
Used to fill party balloons because it's less dense than air the balloons float |
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What are krypton and xenon used for? |
Lazors |
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What other uses does xenon have? |
Used in car headlights and have medical uses |
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What is neon used for |
Neon lights. As it doesn't react when electricity passes through it it emits bright orange light |
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What is argon used for and why? |
Argon is used in light bulbs because it won't react with the filament like air will |
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What medical uses does xenon have? |
A natural antithetic |
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What medical uses does radon have? |
Radon is highly radioactive so is used in radiotherapy in cancer cure |
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On the periodic table what does the big number stand for in a period? |
The atomic mass |
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In the periodic table what does the little number in a period stand for? |
The number of protons which is also the number of electrons |
