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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the Arrhenius Theory involve?
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Acids and Bases
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What do acids do in water?
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They ionize and form hydrated H+ ions (hydronium [H3O+])
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How do strong acids differ from weak acids?
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Strong acids produce many H+ ions while weak acids produce a small amount
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What is the equilibrium equation for strong acids?
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HA <=> H+ (aq) + A- (aq)
Ki = [H+][A-]/[HA] LARGE |
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What is the equilibrium equation for weak acids?
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HB <=> H+ (aq) + B- (aq)
Ki = [H+][B-]/[HB] SMALL |
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What type of bonds connect hydrogen to oxygen in water?
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Covalent
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What is H+? OH-? H3O+?
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Hydrogen Ion, Hydroxide Ion, Hydronium Ion
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What happens to the concentration of H+ and OH- when acid is added?
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H+ increases, OH- decreases
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What are some examples of bases?
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Lye, soap
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What are some examples of acids?
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Apple juice, dry ice, lemon juice
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What colors represent acid, base, and neutral?
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Red, blue, green
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If you add a base to water, which will have the higher concentration, H+ or OH-?
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OH-
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____ is a proton acceptor.
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A base
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What is the pH of vinegar? Bleach? Household Ammonia? Milk? Lemon Juice? Apple Juice? Orange Juice? Oven cleaner? Tomato Juice? HNO3? HCl? HOAc?
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2.9, 9, 11.5, 6.6, 2.3, 3, 3.5, 14, 4, 2, 2, 3.4
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What is the pH scale?
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An indicator of the acid/base concentration. 7=neutral, 1=acidic, 14=basic (alkaline)
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True or False: All nitrates are soluble.
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True
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All chlorides are soluble except which three?
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AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2
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All sulfates are soluble except for which seven?
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CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4, Hg2SO4, HgSO4, PbSO4, Ag2SO4
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All carbonates are insoluble except for ...
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those in group 1 elements and NH4(+1)
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All hydroxides are insoluble except for ...
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those in group 1 elements, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
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All sulfides are insoluble except for ...
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those in group 1 and group 2 elements and NH4(+1)
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Give seven examples of strong acids
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HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3
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Give five examples of strong bases from group 1
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LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH
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Give four examples of strong bases from group 2
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Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
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If [H+] is 1x10(-3) M, what is [OH-]?
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1x10(-11) M
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If [H+] is 1x10(-5) M, what is [OH-]?
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1x10(-9) M
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If [OH-] is 1x10(-13) M, what is [H+]?
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1x10(-1) M
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If [OH-] is 1x10(-1) M, what is [H+]?
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1x10(-13) M
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A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton [H+] ____.
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Donor
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A Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton [H+] ____.
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Acceptor
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HCl (g) + H2O (l) -> H3O(+1) (aq) + Cl(-1) (aq)
What is the BL Acid? |
HCl
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HCl (g) + H2O (l) -> H3O(+1) (aq) + Cl(-1) (aq)
What is the BL Base? |
H2O
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HCl (g) + H2O (l) -> H3O(+1) (aq) + Cl(-1) (aq)
What is the Conjugate Acid? |
H3O(+1)
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HCl (g) + H2O (l) -> H3O(+1) (aq) + Cl(-1) (aq)
What is the Conjugate Acid? |
Cl(-1)
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What are three examples of Acid-Base Indicators?
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Litmus, Bromthymol Blue, Phenophthalein
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What did Max Planck propose? When?
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1900, he proposed that E.M. radiation (light) also has a particle mixture and has wave-particle duality
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What was Planck's equation?
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E=hf
E=photon energy (Quantum) H=Planck's constant F=frequency of E.M. waves |
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What did Albert Einstein propose? When?
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1905, he proposed that all matter is equivalent to a discrete amount of energy
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What was Einstein's equation?
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E=mc2
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What did Prince Louis deBroglie propose? When?
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1924, he proposed that all particles of matter should have wave proporition and show wave-particle duality
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What was deBroglie's equation?
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mv2 = hf
m=mass of particle v2=velocity of particle h=planck's constant f=frequency of matter waves |
