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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If metal oxides and metal hydroxides disolve in water, what are these compounds? |
Alkalis
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What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide/metal hydroxide?
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Acid + Metal oxide = Salt + Water
Acid + Metal hydroxide = Salt + Water |
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What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and copper oxide?
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Hydrochloric acid + copper oxide = copper chloride + water
2HCl + CuO = CuCl(2) + H(2)O |
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What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide?
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Sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide = Potassium sulphate + Water
H(2)SO(4) + 2KOH = K(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O |
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What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a carbonate?
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Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
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What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between phosphoric acid and sodium carbonate?
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Phosphoric acid + Sodium carbonate = Sodium phosphate + Water + Carbon dioxide
2H(3)PO(4) + 3Na(2)CO(3) = 2Na(3)PO(4) + 3H(2)O + 3CO2 |
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What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate?
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Hydrochloric acid + Sodium carbonate = Sodium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide
2HCl(2) + Na(2)CO(3) = 2NaCl + H(2)O + CO(2) |
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What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and ammonia?
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Acid + Ammonia = Ammonium salt
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What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonia?
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Hydrochloric acid + ammonia = ammonium chloride
HCl + NH(3) = NH(4)Cl |
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What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and ammonia?
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Sulfuric acid + Ammonia = Ammonium sulfate
H(2)SO(4) + NH(3) =(NH,4)2 SO(4) |
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What are the three main elements in fertilisers?
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Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
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What happens if plants don't get enough of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium?
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Their growth and life processes are affected
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Why might plants not recieve enough of the essential elements?
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They've been used up from the soil by a previous crop
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What do fertilisers do?
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Replace the missing elements in the soil or provide more of them
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Why are fertilisers used?
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To increase the crop yield as the crops can grow faster and bigger
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Describe the four steps of eutrophication
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1. Fertiliser runs off into rivers and steams
2. The level of nitrates and phosphates in the water increases 3. Algae multiply rapidy from the nutrients = algal bloom = blocks off light to plants = die 4. Aerobic bacteria feed on dead plants and multiply = use up all oxygen = everything dies |
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Describe the titration method to make ammonia nitrate?
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1. Burette, nitric acid solution, ammonia solution and indicator
2. Add methyl orange indicator to ammonia = yellow 3. Slowly add nitric acid to ammonia from burette until it changes to red = neutralised |
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How do you get solid ammonium nitrate crystals after titration?
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Gently evaporate the solution and leave it to crystalise
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Why aren't the crystals made in titration pure? How are they made pure?
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They contain methyl orange.
Need to note exactly the amount of nitric acid it took to neutralise the amonia and then repeat the method without the indicator |
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What is the yield of a reaction?
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The mass of product that you end up with
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What does 100% yield mean?
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You got all the product you expected to get
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What does 0% yield mean?
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No reactants were converted into product
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What is the equation for the haber process?
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N(2) + 3H(2) = 2NH(3)
REVERSIBLE! |
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In the haber process why isn't all the nitrogen and hydrogen converted to ammonia?
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Because the reaction is reversible
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What happens to the nitrogen and hydrogen that do not react? Why does this happen?
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They are recycled and passed through again so none is wasted
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What conditions are used for the haber process?
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Temperature = 450 C
Pressure = 200 atmospheres Catalyst = Iron |
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Why are high pressures used in the haber process?
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They favour the forward reaction.
The high pressure increases the percentage yield of ammonia. |
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Why are high temperatures used in the haber process?
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They favour the reverse reaction
The high temperature decreases the percentage yield of ammonia |
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Why isn't a lower temperature used in the haber process?
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Lower temperatures mean slower reaction rates so a higher temperature is used to increase the reaction rate
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Why is 450C an optimum temperature?
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Gives a fast reaction rate and a reasonable percentage yield
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What 5 things does production cost depend on?
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1. Price of energy
2. Cost of raw materials 3. Labour costs (wages) 4. Plant costs (equipment) 5. Rate of production |
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What are optimum conditions?
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Conditions that give the lowest production cost
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How is salt retrieved from underground deposits?
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Drilled, blasted and dug out and brought to the surface using machinery
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What is rock salt a mixture of?
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Salt and impurities
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What is solution mining?
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Solution mining = Pumping hot water underground =the salt dissolves the the salt solution is forced to the surface by the pressure of the water
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What are three uses of rock salt?
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Flavour food |
