Chemistry Final Exam Vocab

Front 1

polyatomic ion

Back 1

a charged particle which has two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Front 2

photon

Back 2

a quantum of electromagnetic energy. A photon is a massless particle that is used to describe light as a particle rather than a wave. the assumption of the existence of the photon helps explain phenomenons such as the photoelectric effect

Front 3

chemical reaction

Back 3

the process in which one or more substances is converted into new substances with different physical and chemical properties.

Front 4

combustion reaction

Back 4

reaction that involves the burning of a hydrocarbon, in the presence of oxygen. complete combustion reactions produce carbon dioxide and water. Incomplete reactions form carbon monoxide rather than carbon dioxide.

Front 5

excess reactant

Back 5

The reactant or reactants that are left over when all of the limiting reactant has been consumed.

Front 6

molecular formula

Back 6

the true formula of a molecule. it gives the actual ratio of the atoms in each element. it is either the same as the empirical formula or a whole number multiple of the empirical formula.

Front 7

limiting reactant

Back 7

substance that controls or limits the maximum amount of product formed

Front 8

wavelength

Back 8

the distance between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave

Front 9

orbital

Back 9

Each of the potential patterns of electron density that may be formed in an atom or molecule by one or more electrons

Front 10

frecuency

Back 10

the number of cycles of a wave completed per unit time.

Front 11

empirical formula

Back 11

gives the lowest whole number ratio of the atoms present in a compound

Front 12

excited state

Back 12

a higher-energy state that an electron jumps to when it absorbs energy

Front 13

single replacement reaction

Back 13

a chemical reaction in which an uncombined element displaces an element that is part of a compound.

Front 14

principle quantum number

Back 14

the first quantum number n that determine the energy level of an atom

Front 15

double covalent bond

Back 15

when atoms have to share 2 pairs of electrons to attain noble gas structure.

Front 16

percent yield

Back 16

the percent ratio between the actual amount of product produced in a reaction and the theoretical amount of product that should have been produced

Front 17

period

Back 17

the time for a particle on a medium to make one complete vibrational cycle

Front 18

groups

Back 18

a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements.

Front 19

product

Back 19

in a chemical reaction, the products are the substances that are formed from the reaction and are on the right side of the arrow in the chemical equation

Front 20

ground state

Back 20

the lowest possible energy level an electron can be at

Front 21

stoichiometry

Back 21

the study of the ratios between two or more substances undergoing chemical reaction.

Front 22

valence electrons

Back 22

the electron in the s and p orbitals of the highest energy levels.

Front 23

actual yield

Back 23

the actual amount of a substance produced in a chemical reaction

Front 24

quanta

Back 24

the smallest unit of radiant energy that can be absorbed or emitted

Front 25

salt

Back 25

a basic ionic compound of a metal and a non-metal.

Front 26

decomposition reaction

Back 26

a reaction in which a single compound is broken down into two or more smaller compounds or elements.

Front 27

reactant

Back 27

A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.