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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EXTENSIVE properties |
a property of matter that is quantity-dependent Ex: Volume |
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INTENSIVE Properties |
a property of matter that is independent of quantity Ex: Density |
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Physical Property |
a property that can be measured or detected without changing the chemical composition of an object Ex: Hardness |
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Chemical Property |
a property that describes the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical change Ex: Reactivity to Oxygen |
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Physical Change |
a transformation that does not change the chemical composition of the material Ex: Phase transition |
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Chemical Change |
the transformation of a substance into one or more new substances Ex: Change in color or odor irreversibility, etc. |
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Precipitate |
a solid that forms from a solution phase reaction |
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Attractive Forces |
the force between particles that draws the particles together and holds them in place |
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Solid |
a state of matter that maintains its shape and volume |
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Solid's Structure |
Tightly packed in a fixed position, not compressible, shape is definite, and volume is fixed |
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Liquid |
a fluid state of matter that maintains constant volume but will adopt the shape of its container |
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Liquid's Structure |
Closely packed, but can slide past one another, not compressible, adopts shape of container, and has a fixed volume |
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Gas |
a state of matter that adopts the shape and volume of its container |
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Gas's Structure |
Move freely, compressible, adopts shape of container, volume is variable |
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Pure Substances |
a substance with a defined chemical composition |
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Element |
a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom *some elements appear as a single atom *some also appear in groups of 2 |
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Compound |
a substance formed from 2 or more atoms of different elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio |
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Mixture |
a collection of matter that is composed of 2 or more pure substances |
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Democritus' Theory |
*Atoms cant be split, and are indestructible that make up matter *different atoms = different properties *Atoms move in empty space *Changes in matter are from changes in different grouping of different atoms |
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Aristotle's Theory |
*Matter composed of earth, air, fire, and water *No such thing as empty space |
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Dalton's Theory |
*Elements are made of small particles (atoms) *atoms are identical in their own element and element are different from a separate element *Chemical reactions are from atoms rearranging, separated, or combining *Atoms are not created or destroyed |
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Thompson's Discovery And Theory |
Cathode ray- a stream of electrons that come from a negative conductor *Electrons exist *Plum pudding model of the atom |
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Rutherford's Discovery And Theory |
Gold Foil Experiment- alpha particles shoot through gold foil and particles bounced back *Each atom contains a positively charged Nucleus |
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Bohr Model |
*Electrons are arranged in circular orbits around the nucleus *Electrons in each orbit have a fixed amount of energy *Electrons gain and lose amounts of energy |
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Schrodinger |
*Electrons exhibit wave and particle properties * Impossible to know both the speed and location of electrons at the same time *Orbital - region around the nucleus where finding an electron is most probable |
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Isotopes |
the atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons and therefore have differing masses |
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Steps To Find Average Atomic Mass |
1) change percent abundance into decimal form 2) multiply given mass of each isotope by its percent abundance (decimal form) 3) find the sum of the values |
