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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the mass number represent?
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The total number of protons and neutrons.
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What does the atomic number represent?
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The number of protons in the nucleus.
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Isotopes
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atoms of the same element having a different number of neutrons. (The top number)
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What are the three main types of Radiation?
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Alpha, Beta, Gamma
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What is the shorthand notation for Alpha Radiation?
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4,2 He
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What is the shorthand notation for Beta Radiation?
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0,-1 e
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What is the shorthand notation for Gamma Radiation?
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does not have one.
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What charge does Alpha radiation have?
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2+
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What charge does Beta radiation have?
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1-
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What charge does Gamma radiation have?
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does not have one.
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What particle makes up Alpha?
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2 protons, 2 neutrons. (NO electrons)
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What particle makes up Beta?
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High-energy electrons
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What particle makes up Gamma?
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High-energy photons.
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How does the atomic number of a Alpha radiation change when emitted?
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subtracted by 2.
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How does the atomic number of a Beta radiation change when emitted?
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added by 1.
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How does the atomic number of a Gamma radiation change when emitted?
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0 change.
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What is the relative penetration of Alpha?
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Not very penetration.
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What is the relative penetration of Beta?
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More penetration than Alpha.
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What is the relative penetration of Gamma?
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Extremely penetration compared to Alpha and Beta.
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What material can stop Alpha Radiation?
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paper/skin
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What material can stop Beta Radiation?
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aluminum foil/thin wood pieces.
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What material can stop Gamma Radiation?
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concrete/lead
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What is half life?
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(t1/2) The time required for one-half of the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products.
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What is transmutation?
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The conversion of an atom of one element into an atom of another element.
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What are the two ways for transmutation to occur?
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Radioactive decay and the release of neutrons and when particles bombard the nucleus of an atom.
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Fission
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The splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments, with the release of neutrons and a large amount of energy.
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Neutron moderation.
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a process used in nuclear reactors that slows down neutrons so the reactor fuel captures them to continue the chain reaction.
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What substances are commonly used for neutron moderation?
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Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239
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Neutron absorption
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a process that decreases the number of slow-moving neutrons in a nuclear reactor
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What element is used to make neutron absorption control rods?
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cadmium, help absorb neutrons.
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Fusion
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the process of combining nuclei to produce a nucleus of a greater mass.
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Which process do nuclear reactors utilize to create steam to power electricity-producing turbines, fission/fusion?
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Fission.
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Which process, fusion or fission release more energy?
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Fusion.
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Where does nuclear fission naturally occur?
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Sun.
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