Chemistry (Energy-Level Diagram - Formation Constant)

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Energy-level diagram

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A diagram that shows the enregies of molecular orbitals relative to the atomic orbitals from which they are derived also called a molecular-orbital diagram

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Enthalpy

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A quantity defined by the relationship H = E + PV, the change Delta H, for a reaction that occurs at constant pressure is the heat evolved or absorbed in the reaction

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enthalpy of formation

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the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of a substance from the most stable forms of its component elements

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Enthalpy of reaction

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The enthalpy change associated with a chemical reaction

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Entropy

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A thermodynamic function associated with the number of different equivalent energy states or spatial arrangements in which a system my be found, it is a thermodynamic state function, which means that once we specify the conditions for a system this is defined

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Enzyme

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A protein molecule that acts to catalyze specific biochemical reactions

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Equilibrium constant

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The numerical value of the equilibrium-constant expression for a system at equilibrium

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Equilibrium constant expression

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The expression that describes the relationship among the concentrations of the substances present in a system at equilibrium. the denominator similarly contains the concentrations of the substances on the reactant side of the equation

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Equivalence point

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The point in a titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution

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Ester

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An organic compound that has an OR group attached to a carbonyl; it is the product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

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Ether

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A compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to one oxygen

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Exchange (metathesis) reaction

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A reaction between compounds that when written as a molecular equation appears to involve the exchange of ions between the two reactants

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Excited state

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A higher energy state than the ground state

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Exothermic process

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A process in which a system releases heat to its surroundings

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Extensive property

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A property that depends on the amount of material considered; for example, mass

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Face-centered cubic cell

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A cubic unit cell that has lattice points at each corner as well as at the center of each face

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Faraday

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A unit of charge that equals the toatl charge of one mole of electrons

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f-block metals

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Lanthanide and actinide elements in which the 4f and 5f orbitals are partially occupied

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Ferromagnetism

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The ability of some substances to become permanently magnetized through alignment of unpaired electron spins

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First law of thermodynamics

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A statement of our experience that energy is conserved in any process. We can express the law in many ways one of the more useful expressions is that the change in internal energy, delta E, of a system in any process is equal to the heat, q, added to the system, plus the work, w, done on the system

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First-order reaction

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A reaction in which the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of a single reactant, raised to the first power

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Fission

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The splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller ones

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Force

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A push or a pull

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Formal Charge

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The number of valence electrons in an isolated atom minus the number of electtrons assigned to the atom in the lewis structure

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Formation constant

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For a metal ion complex, the equilibrium constant for formation of the complex from the metal ion and base species present in solution. it is a measure of the tendency of the complex form