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21 Cards in this Set

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Acid dissociation constant, Ka
Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]
PKa= -logKa
Ka= 10^PKa
Acid - Base pair
A pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton.
Activation energy
The minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds.
Addition Polymer
A very long molecular chain formed by repeat additions of many unsaturated alkene molecules.
Adsorption
The process by which a solid holds molecules of gas or liquid or solute as a thin film on the surface of a solid
see Gas Chromotography
Alicylic hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure.
Alkali
A type of base that dissolves in water to form OH- ions.
Alkanes
The homologous series with general formula CnH2n + 2
Alkyl group
An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed.
Often shown as R eg. RCOOH
Anhydrous
A substance that contains no water.
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Atom economy
molecular mass of desired product / sum of molecular masses of all products * 100
Atomic number
The number of protos in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic orbital
A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.
Average bond enthalpy
The average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mol of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species
Avogadro's constant,Na
The number of atoms per mole of the carbon 12 isotope (6.02×10^23 mol−1)
Biodegradeable polymer
A polymer that breaks down completely into carbon dioxide and water.
Boltzmann distribution
A diagram showing the distribution of energies of the molecules at a particular temperature.
Bond dissociation enthalpy
The enthalpy change that takes place when breaking by homolytic fission 1 mol of a given bond in the molecule of a gaseous species.
Bronstead-Lowry acid
A species that is a proton [H+] donor
Bronstead lowry base
A species that is a proton [H+] acceptor