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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter?
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Atoms
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Two or more atoms joined in a specific geometrical arrangement?
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Molecules
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The science that seek to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules?
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Chemistry
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Scientific knowledge is empirical based on?
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Observation and Experiment
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Noting or describing how a process happens?
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Qualitative
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Measuring or quantifying something about the process?
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Quantitative
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A tentative interpretation or explanation of the observations?
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Hypothesis
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Highly controlled procedures designed to generate such observations?
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Experiments
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A brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones?
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Scientific Law
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States in a chemical reaction, matter in neither created nor destroyed?
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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A model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what nature does but why?
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Theory
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Proposed the atomic theory?
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John Dalton
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Proposed that matter was composed of small indestructible particles called atoms?
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Atomic Theory
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Scientific laws, hypothesis, and theories are all subject to continued experimentation?
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Scientific Method
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Anything that occupies space?
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Matter
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Matter can be classified into what states?
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Solid, Liquid, Or Gas
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Has a fixed volume and rigid shape?
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Solid
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Solid matter maybe?
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Crystalline or Amorphous
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Case in which the atoms or molecules are arranged in patterns with long range, repeating order?
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Crystalline
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Case in which atoms or molecules don't have any long range order?
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Amorphous
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When atoms are free to move relative to each other, giving it a fixed volume but not a fixed shape?
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Liquid
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Atoms or molecules have a lot of space between them, and are free to move relative to one another, which makes the compressible?
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Gases
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Matter can be classified by?
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Either Composition or By State
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A substance composed of only a single type of atom or molecule?
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Pure Substance
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A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that can be combined in variable proportions?
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Mixture
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A pure substance can be divided into?
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Elements and Compounds
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A substance that can't be chemically broken down into simpler substances?
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Element
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A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions?
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Compound
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A mixture can be divided into two types?
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Heterogeneous or Homogeneous
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A mixture in which the composition varies from one region to another?
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Heterogenous Mixture
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Mixture with the same composition throughout, they have uniform composition because the atoms or molecules that compose them mix uniformly?
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Homogeneous Mixture
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Heterogenous mixtures form distinct regions because the atoms or molecules that compose them?
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Separate
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Carefully pouring off?
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Decanting
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A process in which the mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile liquid?
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Distillation
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Easily Vaporizable?
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Volatile
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A process in which the mixture is poured through filter paper usually held in a funnel?
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Filtration
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Changes that alter only state or appearance, atoms or molecules that compose a substance do not change their identity during it?
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Physical Change
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Changes that alter the composition of matter, during this change atoms rearrange, transforming the original substances into different substances?
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Chemical Change
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A property that a substance displays without changing its composition?
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Physical Property
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A property that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change?
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Chemical Property
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The smell of gasoline is what type or property? While its flamibility is a?
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Physical Property, Chemical Property
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Include odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density?
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Physical Property
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Include corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity, and other such characteristics?
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Chemical Property
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The capacity to do work?
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Energy
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The action of a force through a distance?
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Work
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The total energy of an object?
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Kinetic Energy
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The energy associated with its position or composition?
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Potential Energy
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Kinetic Energy turns into?
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Thermal Energy
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Energy is neither created nor destroyed?
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Law of Conservation of Energy, 1st Principle
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The tendency of systems with high potential energy to change in a way that lower their potential energy?
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2nd Principle
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High Potential Energy =?
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Unstable
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Low Potential Energy =?
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Stable
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Chemical potential energy arises from electrostatic forces between the electrically charged particles (protons and electrons) that compose?
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Atoms and Molecules
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Contain specific, sometimes complex, arrangements of particles?
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Molecules
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Standard quantities used to specify measurements?
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Units
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Consists of units such as inches, yards, and pounds?
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English System
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Consists of units such as centimeters, meters, and kilograms
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Metric System
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The unit system used by scientist is based on the metric system?
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International System of Units (SI)
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What are the four basic SI units?
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Meter, Kilogram, Second, and Kelvin
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Standard unit of length?
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Meter
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Standard unit of mass?
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Kilogram
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Standard unit of time?
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Second
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Standard unit of temperature?
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Kelvin
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A measure of the quantity of matter within it?
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Mass
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A measure of the gravitational pull on the matter within it?
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Weight
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A gram is how much of a kilogram?
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One one thousandth
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A measure of the amount of average kinetic energy- energy due to motion- of the atoms or molecules that compose matter?
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Temperature
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Measure of molecular motion?
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Temperature
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The temperature at which molecular motion virtually stops?
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Absolute Zero
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Combination of other units?
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Derived Units
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The Si unit of speed is?
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m/s
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The Si unit of volume
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Meters Cubed
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The Si unit of density
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Kilograms/ Meters Cubed
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1ml=?
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1cm Cubed
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The ratio of mass to volume?
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Density
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What is the formula for density?
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Mass over Volume
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Density also depends on?
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Temperature
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Density is what type of property?
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Intensive
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A property that is independent of the amount of the substance?
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Intensive Property
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Mass is what type of property?
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Extensive Property
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A property that depends on the amount of the substance?
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Extensive Property
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Refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value?
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Accuracy
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Refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another how reproducible they are?
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Precision
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Error that equal probability of being to high or too low?
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Random Error
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Error that tends toward being either too high or too low?
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Systematic Error
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Using units as a guideline to solving problems?
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Dimensional Analysis
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A fractional quantity with the units we are converting from on the bottom and the units we are converting to on the top?
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Conversion Factor
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