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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who developed the concept of valence electrons? |
G.N. Lewis |
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octet rule |
when atoms of elements react, they tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve the same electron arrangement as the noble gas nearest them in the periodic table |
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The tendency of an atom to participate in bonding with another atom is related to the property of: |
electronegativity |
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Atoms with low values are said to be |
electropositive |
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Electronegativity increases a ___ (period/ family) in the periodic table and decreases down a (group/period) of creases |
period |
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anions |
these are what atoms become when they gain electrons to become negatively charged |
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cations |
this is what atoms become when they lose electrons to be positively charged |
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in ionic compounds, the simplest ratio of oppositely charged ions that give an electrically neutral unit is called formula unit is |
formula unit |
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unique molecule |
there is no such thing, no ion is attached exclusively to another ion |
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the formula units for ionic compounds are always represented by using |
the simplest ratio of cation and anion necessary to give an electrically neutral formula unit |
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binary compound |
made up of only one metal and one nonmetal |
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a chemically distinct species with electric charge |
polyatomic ion |
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Ammonium ION |
NH+4 |
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NH4NO3 Ammonium Nitrate |
KNO3 Potassium Nitrate |
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Mg(OH)2 |
magnesium hydroxide |
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Sodium carbonate |
Na2CO3 |
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Bicarbonate |
HCO3-1 |
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phosphate |
PO4 -3 |
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Sulfate |
SO4 |
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aluminum sulfate |
Al2(SO4)3 |
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the atoms in most chemical compounds are held together in units known as molecules |
molecules |
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the electrons in these Lewis dot structures are classified as |
bonding pairs |
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hydrocarbons |
compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms that contain two different types of atoms |
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where was G.N. Lewis born and raised |
Massachusetts bit raised in Nebraska |
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alkanes |
hydrocarbons that contain only C---H single bonds |
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two different molecules of hydrocarbons a.k.a |
isomers |
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alkanes are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons because |
they have the highest possible ratio of hydrogen to carbon atoms that can be bonded in a molecule |
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defined as the amount of energy required to break a defined number of bonds |
bond energy |
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the first member of the alkene series of hydrocarbons, compounds that have one or more C=C bonds |
ethyl |
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what is VSEPR? |
valence shell electron pair repulsion |
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equal sharing of the bonding of electrons |
nonpolar covalent bond |
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two atoms with different abilities to attract electrons bonded covalently |
polar covalent bond |
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ionic compounds |
electrolyte |
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molecules |
nonelectrolytes |
