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74 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the force that holds two atoms together
chemical bond
a positively charged ion
cation
a negative ion
anion
the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound
ionic bond
a three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles
crystal lattice
an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current
electrolyte
the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound
lattice energy
the simplest ration of the ions represented in an ionic compound
formula unit
Why is the overall charge of a formula unit always zero?
Because the total # of electrons gained by the nonmetallic atoms must equal the total # of electrons lost by the metallic atoms
a one-atom ion
monatomic ion
the charge of a monatomic ion is its ________
oxidation number
The ________ of ions are used to determine the formulas for the ionic compounds they form.
oxidation numbers
ions made up of more than one atom
polyatomic ions
_________ - is the only common polyatomic cation.
ammonium
3most polyatomic ions are ______.
oxyanions
______- a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
oxyanion
the ion with more oxygen atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix _______
-ate
the ion with fewer atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix ______
-ite
the oxyanion with the greatest number of oxygen atoms is named using ____________, the root of nonmetal, and the _________
prefix per-
suffix -ate
the oxyanion with one less oxygen atom is named with the root of the nonmetal and the _______
suffix -ate
the oxyanion with two fewer oxygen atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix _______
-ite
the oxyanion with three fewer oxygen atoms is named using the prefix ____, the root of the nonmetal , and the suffix ______.
hypo-
-ite
__________- a systematic way of naming compounds.
chemical nomenclature
When do chemical bonds form?
chemical bonds may form by the attraction between a positive nucleus and negative electrons or the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.
Why do positive ions and negative ions form?
positive and negative ions form to make a stable noble gas configuration
Discuss the formation of ionic compounds?
the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound
What does the term electrically neutral mean when discussing ionic compounds?
means it has neither a positive or negative charge
a one atom ion is calleed a _____ ion.
monatomic
the charge of such an ion is equal to the atom's ______, which is the number of ______ transferred to or from the atom to form the ion.
oxidation number,
electrons
in ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals ______.
zero
ions made up of more than one atom are called ________ ions.
polyatomic
if such an ion is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called a _______.
oxyanion
if two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms ends with the suffix ________.
-ate
the name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with _____.
-ite
What is the name of the model of metallic bonding?
electron sea model
Why are the electrons in a metallic solid described as delocalized?
they are free to move
Which electrons from the metal make up the delocalized electrons?
valence electrons
Are the metal ions differ from the ions that exist in ionic solids?
they are not lost or gained, their shared among positive atoms
Explain what holds the metal atoms together in the solid.
sea of valence electrons
are metals malleable? if yes, why?
yes, electrons are able to move and thin things out
Are metals lustrous? if yes, Why?
Yes, delocalized electrons absorb energy and release light
Do metals have a high melting point? if yes, Why?
Yes, because they are so strong
Do metals have low boiling points? if yes, why?
No
Are metals ductile? if yes, why?
Yes, electrons can move so they are able to be stretched
Are metals good conductors of electricity? if yes, Why?
yes, because electrons are moveable and excitable
An ionic bond is a
a. attraction of an atom for its electrons
b.attraction for electrons they share
c. a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged
c. a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged
the formula unit of an ionic compound shows the
a. total number of each kind of ion in a sample
b. simple ratio of the ions
c. number of atoms within each molecule
b. simple ratio of the ions
the overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound is ____
is always zero
How many chloride (Cl-) ions are present in a formula unit of nagnesium chloride given that the charge on a Mg ion is 2+?
two
ionic bonds generally occur between
a metal and a nonmetal
salts are examples of
ionic compounds
a three dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called an _____.
crystal lattice
in a crystal lattice of an ionic compound,
a. a sea of electrons surrounds the ions
b. ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge
c.neutral molecules are present
b. ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge
What is the relationship between lattice energy and the strength of the attractive force holding ions in place?
the more negative the lattice energy is , the greater the force
the formation of a stable ionic compound from ions
a. is always exothermic
b. is always endothermic
c. may be either exothermic or endothermic
a. is always exothermic
in electron transfer involving a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom during ion formation, which of the following is correct?
a. the metallic atom gains electrons from the nonmetallic atom
b. the nonmetallic atom gains electrons from the metallic atom
b. the nonmetallic atom gains electrons from the metallic atom
True or False
the crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points.
true
true or false
the lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound
true
true or false
the energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that formed it
false
true or false
large ions tend to produce a more negative value for lattice energy than smaller ions do
false
true or false
ions that have larger charges tend to produce a more negative lattice energy than ions with smaller charges do
true
the term ______ indicates how easily an atom loses an electron
affinity
relatively stable electron arrangements are referred to as ______________.
psuedo-noble gas congigurations
________ - negative ion
anion
In what state is an ionic compound a conductor of electricity? nonconductor?
~ liquid
~ solid
when energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction, the reaction is ______.
endothermic
if energy is released it is _______.
exothermic
the formation of ionic compounds from positive and negative ions is always ______.
exothermic
Ions in an ionic compound are arranged in a pattern in a _________.
crystal lattice
the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound is referred to as the ______.
lattice energy
the charge of a monaatomic ion is its __________.
oxidation number
________________- - proposes that all the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a "sea" of electrons
electron sea model
________ - electrons that are free to move
delocalized electrons
_______- the attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons
metallic bond