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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the force that holds two atoms together
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chemical bond
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a positively charged ion
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cation
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a negative ion
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anion
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the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound
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ionic bond
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a three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles
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crystal lattice
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an ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current
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electrolyte
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the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound
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lattice energy
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the simplest ration of the ions represented in an ionic compound
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formula unit
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Why is the overall charge of a formula unit always zero?
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Because the total # of electrons gained by the nonmetallic atoms must equal the total # of electrons lost by the metallic atoms
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a one-atom ion
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monatomic ion
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the charge of a monatomic ion is its ________
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oxidation number
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The ________ of ions are used to determine the formulas for the ionic compounds they form.
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oxidation numbers
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ions made up of more than one atom
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polyatomic ions
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_________ - is the only common polyatomic cation.
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ammonium
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3most polyatomic ions are ______.
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oxyanions
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______- a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
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oxyanion
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the ion with more oxygen atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix _______
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-ate
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the ion with fewer atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix ______
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-ite
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the oxyanion with the greatest number of oxygen atoms is named using ____________, the root of nonmetal, and the _________
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prefix per-
suffix -ate |
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the oxyanion with one less oxygen atom is named with the root of the nonmetal and the _______
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suffix -ate
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the oxyanion with two fewer oxygen atoms is named using the root of the nonmetal plus the suffix _______
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-ite
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the oxyanion with three fewer oxygen atoms is named using the prefix ____, the root of the nonmetal , and the suffix ______.
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hypo-
-ite |
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__________- a systematic way of naming compounds.
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chemical nomenclature
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When do chemical bonds form?
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chemical bonds may form by the attraction between a positive nucleus and negative electrons or the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion.
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Why do positive ions and negative ions form?
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positive and negative ions form to make a stable noble gas configuration
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Discuss the formation of ionic compounds?
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the electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound
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What does the term electrically neutral mean when discussing ionic compounds?
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means it has neither a positive or negative charge
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a one atom ion is calleed a _____ ion.
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monatomic
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the charge of such an ion is equal to the atom's ______, which is the number of ______ transferred to or from the atom to form the ion.
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oxidation number,
electrons |
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in ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals ______.
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zero
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ions made up of more than one atom are called ________ ions.
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polyatomic
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if such an ion is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called a _______.
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oxyanion
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if two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms ends with the suffix ________.
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-ate
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the name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with _____.
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-ite
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What is the name of the model of metallic bonding?
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electron sea model
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Why are the electrons in a metallic solid described as delocalized?
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they are free to move
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Which electrons from the metal make up the delocalized electrons?
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valence electrons
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Are the metal ions differ from the ions that exist in ionic solids?
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they are not lost or gained, their shared among positive atoms
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Explain what holds the metal atoms together in the solid.
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sea of valence electrons
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are metals malleable? if yes, why?
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yes, electrons are able to move and thin things out
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Are metals lustrous? if yes, Why?
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Yes, delocalized electrons absorb energy and release light
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Do metals have a high melting point? if yes, Why?
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Yes, because they are so strong
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Do metals have low boiling points? if yes, why?
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No
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Are metals ductile? if yes, why?
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Yes, electrons can move so they are able to be stretched
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Are metals good conductors of electricity? if yes, Why?
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yes, because electrons are moveable and excitable
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An ionic bond is a
a. attraction of an atom for its electrons b.attraction for electrons they share c. a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged |
c. a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged
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the formula unit of an ionic compound shows the
a. total number of each kind of ion in a sample b. simple ratio of the ions c. number of atoms within each molecule |
b. simple ratio of the ions
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the overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound is ____
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is always zero
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How many chloride (Cl-) ions are present in a formula unit of nagnesium chloride given that the charge on a Mg ion is 2+?
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two
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ionic bonds generally occur between
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a metal and a nonmetal
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salts are examples of
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ionic compounds
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a three dimensional arrangement of particles in an ionic solid is called an _____.
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crystal lattice
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in a crystal lattice of an ionic compound,
a. a sea of electrons surrounds the ions b. ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge c.neutral molecules are present |
b. ions are surrounded by ions of the opposite charge
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What is the relationship between lattice energy and the strength of the attractive force holding ions in place?
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the more negative the lattice energy is , the greater the force
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the formation of a stable ionic compound from ions
a. is always exothermic b. is always endothermic c. may be either exothermic or endothermic |
a. is always exothermic
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in electron transfer involving a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom during ion formation, which of the following is correct?
a. the metallic atom gains electrons from the nonmetallic atom b. the nonmetallic atom gains electrons from the metallic atom |
b. the nonmetallic atom gains electrons from the metallic atom
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True or False
the crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points. |
true
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true or false
the lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound |
true
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true or false
the energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that formed it |
false
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true or false
large ions tend to produce a more negative value for lattice energy than smaller ions do |
false
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true or false
ions that have larger charges tend to produce a more negative lattice energy than ions with smaller charges do |
true
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the term ______ indicates how easily an atom loses an electron
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affinity
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relatively stable electron arrangements are referred to as ______________.
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psuedo-noble gas congigurations
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________ - negative ion
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anion
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In what state is an ionic compound a conductor of electricity? nonconductor?
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~ liquid
~ solid |
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when energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction, the reaction is ______.
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endothermic
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if energy is released it is _______.
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exothermic
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the formation of ionic compounds from positive and negative ions is always ______.
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exothermic
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Ions in an ionic compound are arranged in a pattern in a _________.
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crystal lattice
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the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound is referred to as the ______.
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lattice energy
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the charge of a monaatomic ion is its __________.
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oxidation number
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________________- - proposes that all the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a "sea" of electrons
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electron sea model
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________ - electrons that are free to move
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delocalized electrons
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_______- the attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons
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metallic bond
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