Chemistry Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Front 1

PERIODS/SERIES

Back 1

elements organized horizontally in rows

Front 2

GROUPS/FAMILIES

Back 2

elements organized vertically in columns

Front 3

METALS

Back 3

a chemical element that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat and forms cations and ionic bonds with non-metals

Front 4

NONMETALS

Back 4

an element which is dull-colored, brittle and non-conductive

Front 5

METALLOIDS

Back 5

an element that exhibits properties of both metals and nonmetals

Front 6

ALKALI METALS

Back 6

the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table; they are soft, silver metals that are very chemically active

Front 7

ALKALINE EARTH

Back 7

a series of elements comprising Group 2 of the periodic table

Front 8

TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Back 8

the d block

Front 9

INNER TRANSITION/RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

Back 9

the f block

Front 10

HALOGENS

Back 10

the elements of Group 17

Front 11

NOBLE GASES

Back 11

the elements of Group 18

Front 12

REPRESENTATIVE OR MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS

Back 12

the s and p blocks, including Helium

Front 13

PERIODIC LAW

Back 13

states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

Front 14

MENDELEEV

Back 14

noticed that when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain similarities in their chemical properties appeared at regular intervals

Front 15

MOSELEY

Back 15

discovered that the elements fit into patterns better when they were arranged according to atomic number, rather than atomic weight

Front 16

ATOMIC RADIUS

Back 16

may be defined as one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

Front 17

IONIZATION ENERGY

Back 17

the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

Front 18

ELECTRON AFFINITY

Back 18

the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom

Front 19

VALENCE ELECTRONS

Back 19

The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds

Front 20

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Back 20

a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound

Front 21

ANIONS

Back 21

negative ions that increase in size a little bit

Front 22

CATIONS

Back 22

positive ions that decrease in size a little bit