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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Kinetic molecular theory (KMT) |
States that: -all matter is made up of tiny particles -different substances have different particles -the more energy the particles have, the faster they move -the attraction between particles decreases as distance increases |
Speed is reliant on energy |
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and volume |
Can be measured |
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The 2 different types of matter |
Pure substances and mixtures |
Elements/compounds vs mechanical/solutions |
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Element |
Made up of one type of atom |
Pure |
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Compound |
Pure substance made of 2+ types of atoms bonded together |
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Molecule |
2+ atoms bonded together |
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Solution |
Different substances aren't individually visible, homogeneous mixture |
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Mechanical mixture |
Different components are individually visible, heterogeneous |
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Ductility |
Ability to be stretched into a wire |
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Lustre |
Shininess |
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Conductivity |
Ability to conduct electricity or heat |
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Density |
Amount of mass in a given volume. M(g)/V(ml) |
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Hardness |
Ability to resist being scratched |
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Malleability |
Can be pounded or rolled into sheets |
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Viscosity |
Resistance to flow |
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Physical property |
Can be observed or measured (ex. Density, conductivity, boiling point) |
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Pure substance |
Element or compound |
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Atom |
Smallest unit that retains the original elemental properties |
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Chemical property |
Changes into something new. (Substances reacting) |
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Mixture |
Combination of pure substances |
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Alloy |
Mixture of 2 or more metals |
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Heterogeneous |
Not uniform (not the same throughout sample) |
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Solubility |
Degree to which substance will dissolve in an amount of another given substance |
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Flammability |
Ability to react with oxygen to result in a great release of energy (burn) |
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Corrosion |
Slow reactions of certain metals with oxygen |
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Reactions with acid |
Some substances such as magnesium react with acids |
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Triangle of state changes |
Gas Condensation | | ^ deposition\/ ^ \/ |vaporizationSublimation
Liquid. --> solidification. Solid
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Exothermic |
Releases heat or light |
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Endothermic |
Absorbs heat or light |
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Aristotle |
Said all matter is made up of earth, air, fire, water, and ether |
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Line spectrum |
"Fingerprint" of an element |
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Triad |
Group of 3 that has very similar properties |
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Dmitri Mendeleev |
Given credit for the creation of the periodic table Predicted the properties of many undiscovered elements using triads. Ordered table by atomic mass |
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Current periodic table |
Ordered by atomic number instead of atomic mass |
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Atomic number |
#of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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Families |
In the same group and have names (Alkali metals) |
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Groups |
Elements in the same column but named by number (ex. #1) |
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Periods |
Elements in the same row |
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Berzelius |
Developed a symbolic system to identity elements |
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Metals and their properties |
1. Lustre (Shiny) 2. Malleable 3. Conductivity 4. Ductility 5. Most are solids at room temp. |
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Non-metals and their properties |
Not good conductors, not ductile or malleable, not shiny 1. Very colourful 2. Have lower boiling and melting points |
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Metalloids |
Have properties of metals and non-metals |
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Solubility and density in relation to KMT |
Solubility: The warmer the substance, the higher the solubility (particles move faster and blend with other substance) Density: The tighter packed the particles, the more dense. |
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Homogeneous |
Uniform (the same throughout) |
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John Dalton |
Developed the first atomic theory |
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