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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HUND'S RULE
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orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state (electrons will distribute themselves evenly if in the same orbital)
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PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE
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no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers (no two electrons can have the same spin)
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THE AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
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an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it (electrons will go into orbitals of lowest energy first)
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QUANTUM NUMBERS
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specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals (s, p, d, f)
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ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
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the arrangement of electrons in an atom
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ORBITAL NOTATION
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an unoccupied orbital is represented by a line, with the orbital’s name written underneath the line
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NOBLE GAS NOTATION
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take the electron configuration of the noble gas closest to the given element and then write what remains
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AMPLITUDE
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wave height
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FREQUENCY
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waves per second
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WAVELENGTH
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distance between waves
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CREST
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top of a wave
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TROUGH
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bottom of a wave
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HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
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states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
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EXCITED STATE
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A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
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GROUND STATE
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The lowest energy state of an atom
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QUANTUM THEORY
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describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
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PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
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refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal
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PHOTON
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particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
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a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
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