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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Temperature/Heat
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Heat is energy thats flows from a hotter to colder object
Temperature is a property that determines the direction of heat flow |
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Calorie/Kcal/Joule
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1 kcal = 4.184 kj
1 kcal = 1 Calorie 1kcal = 1 cal |
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Relationship of Life expectancy to energy consumption
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Higher energy consumption = higher life expectancy
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Exothermic
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Any physical or chemical exchnage accompanied by the release of heat, is negative but heat of combustion is positive, colder to hotter
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Endothermic
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Any chemical reaction that absorbs energy, is positive but heat of combustion is negative, hotter to colder
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Heat of Combustion
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Quantity of heat energy given off when a specified amount of a substance burns in oxygen
Heat/mole * mole/molar mass= heat of combustion per gram |
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Energy of Activation
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Energy necessary to initiate a reaction. Also determines whether a substance can be used as fuel. Cant be too fast or too slow
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Calculating Bond Energies
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First do the lewis dot then add up all the reactions then take all the bonds on each side then substact the right side from the left
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Natural Gas
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Advantages Burns more completely, cleaner, less CO2
Disadvantages leaks from transmission line causing environmental damage |
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Production of Fossil Fuels
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Originates from decayed plants and animals (Oil, coal, natural gas)
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Different Kinds of Coal
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Soft lignite and brown coal are the lower grades, bituminous and anthracite are higher grades
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Advantages of Coal
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Stable and efficient
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Disadvantages of Coal
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coal mining is dangerous,accidents, health of miners, greenhouse gases - CO2 and CH4, acid rain SO2 and NO2, pollution and acid rain can contrib. to cancer risk, respiratory illness
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Advantages of Oil/Petroleum
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Easy to transport and pump, more erfficient
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Disadvantages of Oil/Petroleum
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acid rain, volatile organic compounds, spills, leaks, wildlife, shore and water
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Isomer
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Different compounds with the same chemical formula, different bonds
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Octane Rating
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Higher Octane rating Reduces knocking
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Biomass
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Materials produced by biological processes
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FFV (Flexible fuel vehicle)
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85% ethanol and the newest alternative fuel to be formulated
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Biogas
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usually natural renewable resources such as veg oils and animal fats blended with petroleum products
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Energy Transformation
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Cannot me created or destroyed.. efficiency equation is T Hi - T Low/ T Hi
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Entropy
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Second Law of thermodynamics, Randomness in energy. Is increasing in the universe
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RFG
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Oxygenated gasolines that also contain a lower percentage of certain volatile hydrocarbons such as benzene found in nonoxgenated conventional gas
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MTBE
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methyl tertiary butyl ether, Neurotoxin, finds its way into drinking water
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