Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Pure Substance
|
Matter with uniform and unchanging composition
ex: Salt (NaCl) Water (H2O) |
|
|
Physical Property
|
Characters that can be observed or measured without changing the substance
|
|
|
What are some examples of physical properties?
|
1. color
2. phase at 25 C 3. mp, fp, bp 4. density 5. odor |
|
|
Extensive Property
|
Depends on amount present
|
|
|
What are some examples of extensive properties?
|
1. mass
2. volume 3. length |
|
|
Intensive Property
|
Does not matter on amount
|
|
|
Chemical Property
|
Ability of subject to combine with or change into another substance
ex: iron rusts into open air |
|
|
What are the four states of matter?
|
1. solid
2. liquid 3. gas 4. plasma |
|
|
Characteristics of solids?
|
-Definite shape and volume
-Lowest kinetic energy -Most organized tight bonds -Closely packed |
|
|
Characteristics of liquids?
|
-Definite volume
-No definite shape, can flow -Medium organization, medium kinetic energy -Loosely packed, particles slide |
|
|
Characteristics of gases?
|
-No definite shape or volume
-Highest kinetic energy, no organization -Particles not packed at all -Can be compressed |
|
|
Physical Change
|
Changes alter a subject without changing its composition
|
|
|
What are some examples of physical changes?
|
1. phase change
2. bend 3 grind 4. crumble |
|
|
Chemical Change
|
(Reaction) Process in which one or more subjects change into new substances
|
|
|
Mixture
|
Combination of two or more pure substances. Each retains its own chemical properties.
|
|
|
Heterogeneous Mixture
|
-Does not have uniform composition, individual
-Components remain distinct -Can be separated by physical means ex: oil and vinegar |
|
|
Homogenous Mixture
|
-Uniform composition is in a single phase (true solution)
-Cannot be separated by physical means ex: coffee, tea, alloys (steel) |
|
|
What are the four methods of separation of mixtures?
|
1. filtration - decant
2. distillation 3. crystalization 4. chromatography |
|
|
Filtration
|
Porous barrier separates solids from liquids
|
|
|
Distillation
|
Separation based on difference of boiling points - mixture is heated until substance with lower boiling point vaporizes and boils off
|
|
|
Crystalization
|
Supersaturation of a solution causes pure substance to crystalize out of solution - produces highly purified solids
|
|
|
Chromatography
|
Separates mixture mobile phase by traveling down surface of material stationary phase
|
|
|
What is the difference between gas and vapor?
|
-Gas: phase of state
-Vapor: process of changing solid or liquid to gas |
|
|
Element
|
Pure substance in its simplest form
|
|
|
When was the first periodic table formed?
|
1869 - Dimitri Mendeleev
|
|
|
Compound
|
Combination of two or more elements that are chemically combined
ex: CaClg, H2O |
|
|
Law of Definite Proportions
|
Compound is composed of same elements in same proportion by mass (Regardless of amount, proportions of the same compounds are always the same)
|
|
|
Law of Multiple Proportions
|
Different compounds are formed from the same elements in a different ratio of whole numbers
|
