Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
periods
|
rows = horizontal
|
|
|
groups
|
columns = vertical
|
|
|
proton number ______ from left to right
|
increases
|
|
|
groups share _____
|
chemical properties
|
|
|
nuclear charge
|
measurement of net POSITIVE charge experienced by the outermost electrons
hence a Cl+ > Cl > Cl- in terms of nuclear charge cations have higher nuclear charge(more positive) than anions(more negative) |
|
|
nuclear charge ____ from left to right and _____ from top to bottom
|
increases
stays the same |
|
|
ultimate goal of elements it to become
|
inert --> noble gas phase
|
|
|
atomic radius _____ from left to right and ____ from top to bottom
|
decreases (this is because as you move across a row the elements become more greedy of holding onto their electrons; pull them in closer)
INCREASE |
|
|
relationship between nuclear charge and radii
|
as nuclear charge increases(L/R) the radii decrease
|
|
|
ionization energy
____ from left to right and ____ from top to bottom |
energy needed to remove electron from gaseous atom
increases; decreases |
|
|
cations have ____ radii vs anions
|
smallerhttp://www.freemuse.org/sw922.asp
|
|
|
ionization is an ______ process
|
endothermic
|
|
|
the first ionization energy is always ____ than the second and remaining ionization energy values
|
less
ex) Mg Mg -->Mg+ = 7.6eV Mg+ --> Mg2+ = 15.035eV |
|
|
Group I and II metals have relatively ____ ionization levels
|
LOW
|
|
|
electron affinity
____ from left to right and _____ from top to bottom |
energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom
increases; decreases |
|
|
electron affinity is an ___ process
|
exothermic
|
|
|
groups I/II have ____ electron affinities
|
LOW
|
|
|
electronegativity
____ from left to right and ____ from top to bottom |
measure of attractive forces that an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond
increases; decreases |
|
|
metals
|
shiny
high melting points high densities malleable ductile low nuclear charge low electronegativity large atomic radius low ionization energy easily oxidized good conductors some are non-reactive good reducing agents |
|
|
non metals
|
brittle
not shiny high ionization energies, electron affinities, electronegativities small radii poor conductors can be ok oxidizing agents |
|
|
metalloids
|
metal + non metal characteristics
varied characteristics; no trends on the diagonal |
|
|
alkali metals
|
group 1
low nuclear charge large atomic radii form univalent cations good reducing agents can be oxidized(cation) |
|
|
alkaline metals
|
group 2
smaller radii than group 1, larger nuclear charge than group 1 form divalent cations easily oxidized reducing agents |
|
|
halogens
|
group 7
non metals easily reduced good oxidizing agents high EN, IE, EA found in elemental states(gas/liquid/solid) |
|
|
noble gas
|
inert
group 8 low reactivities high IE no EN |
|
|
transition metals
|
d category
low EA, IE, EN hard high mp high bp malleable conductors many oxidation states |
|
|
what is unique about transition metals and their multiple oxidation states?
|
can form many different ionic and partially ionic compounds
can form complex ions with h2o or nonmetals this can enhance the solubility of certain compounds |
|
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
