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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proximity effect |
Bring substrate(s) and catalytic sites together |
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Orientation effect |
Hold substrate(s) at the exact distance and in exact orientation necessary for reaction |
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Catalytic effect |
Provide acidic, basic, or other types of groups required for catalysis |
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Energy effect |
Lower the energy barrier by inducing strain in bonds in the substrate molecule |
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Oxidoreductase |
Oxidation-reduction reactions; requires coenzymes |
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Transferases |
Transfer of functional groups |
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Hydrolases |
Hydrolysis reactions; important for digestion |
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Isomerases |
Isomerization of substrate; some metabolic pathways a molecule must be rearranged for the next step to occur |
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Lyases |
Group elimination to form double bond or addition to a double bond (to break) |
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Ligases |
Bond formation coupled with ATP hydrolysis to provide energy (to tie together) |
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Oxidases |
Addition of O2 to a substrate |
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Reductases |
Reduction of a substrate |
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Dehydrogenases |
Removal of two atoms to form a double bond |
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Transaminases |
Transfer of amino group between substrates |
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Kinases |
Transfer of a phosphoryl group between substrates |
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Lipases |
Hydrolysis of ester groups in lipids |
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Proteases |
Hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins |
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Nucleases |
Hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds in nucleic acids |
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Dehydrases |
Removal of H20 from substrate to give a double bond |
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Decarboxylases |
Replacement of a carboxyl group by a hydrogen |
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Synthases |
Addition of small molecule to a double bond |
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Synthetases |
Formation of bond between two substrates |
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Carboxylases |
Formation of bond between substrate and CO2 to add a carboxyl group |
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CarboxypeptidaseA |
Cleaves peptide bonds one at a time from carboxyl end |
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Chymotrypsin |
Hydrolysis of proteins; digestive enzyme made by pancreas; cleaves proteins at specific sites; requires big, bulky hydrophobic side chains on N-terminal side of peptide bond |
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Coenzymes |
Nonprotein organic molecules |
