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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ACTIVATED COMPLEX
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An unstable arrangement of atoms that exists momentarily at the peak of the activation-energy barrier, an intermediate or transitional structure formed during the course of a reaction
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ACTIVATION ENERGY
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The minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react
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CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
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A state of balance in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal; no net change in the amount of reactants and products occurs in the chemical system
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COLLISION THEORY
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Atoms, ions, and molecules can reacts to form products when they collide, providede that the particles have enough kinetic energy
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COMMON ION
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An ion that is common to both salts in a solution; in a solution of silver nitrate and silver chloride, Ag+ would a common ion
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COMMON ION EFFECT
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A decrease in the solubility of an ionic compound caused by the addition of a common ion
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ELEMENTARY REACTION
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A reaction in which reactants are converted to products in a single step
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ENTROPY
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A measure of the disorder of a system; systems tend to go from a state of order (low entropy) to a state of maximum disorder (high entropy)
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EQUILBRIUM CONSTANT
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The ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, with each concentration raised to a power equal to the number of moles of that substance in the balanced chemical equation
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EQUILIBRIUM POSITION
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The relative concentrations of reactants and products of a reaction that has reached equilibrium; indicates whether the reactant or products are favored in the reversible reaction
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FIRST-ORDER REACTION
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A reaction in which the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of only one reactant
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FREE ENERGY
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The energy available to do work
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GIBBS FREE-ENERGY CHANGE
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The maximum amount of energy that can be coupled to another process to do useful work
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INHIBITOR
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A substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst
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INTERMEDIATE
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A product of one of the steps in a reaction mechanism; it becomes a reactant in the next step
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LAW OF DISORDER
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It is a natural tendency of systems to move in the direction of meximum chaos or disorder
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LE CHATELIER'S PRINCIPLE
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When a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes in a way that relieves the stress
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NONSPONTANEOUS REACTION
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A reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions
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RATE
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Describes the speed of change over an interval of time
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RATE LAW
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An expression relating the rate of a reaction to the concentration of the reactants
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REACTION MECHANISM
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A series of elementary reactions that take place during the course of a complex reaction
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REVERSIBLE REACTION
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A reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants occur simultaneously
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SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANT
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An equilibrium constant applied to the solubility of electrolytes; it is equal to the product o fthe concentrations of the ions each raised to a power equal to the coefficient of the ion in the dissociaton equation
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SPECIFIC RATE CONSTANT
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A proportionally constant relating the concentrations of reactants to the rate of the reaction
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SPONTANEOUS REACTION
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A reaction that favors the formation of products at the specified conditions; spontaneity depends on enthalpy and entropy changes
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TRANSITION STATE
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A term sometimes used to refer to the activated complex
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