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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solutions |
Homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances |
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Solute-solute interaction |
Must be overcome to disperse particles when making a solution |
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Solvent-solvent interactions |
Must be overcome to make room for the solute |
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Solvent-solute interactions |
Like dissolves like Stronger the interaction, greater solubility of a solute in that solvent |
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Crystallization |
Opposite of solution making processcfeq |
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Saturated Solution |
Rate of opposing processes is equal, additional solute will not dissolve unless some crystallizes from solution |
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Unsaturated Solution |
Any amount of solute less than the ma amount dissolved in solution |
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Solubility |
Max amount of solid that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature |
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Supersaturated solutions |
Solvent holds more solute than is normally possible at that temperature. Are unstable |
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Miscible |
Liquids that mix in all proportions |
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Immiscible |
Liquids that do not mix in one another |
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Henry's Law |
Solubility of a gas is proportional to the partial presur of the gas above the solution |
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Most solids, temp increase |
Solubility increases |
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All gases, temp increases |
Solubility decreases |
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Ppm |
(Mass of componetnt/ total mass of solution)* 10^6 |
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Colligative properties |
Depends on quantity only, not identity -vapor pressure lowering -boiling point elevation -freezing point depression -osmotic pressure |
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Vapor pressure |
VP of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent |
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i |
Takes dissociation in solution |
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Semipermeable membranes |
Allows smaller particles to pass through, blocks larger particles |
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Osmosis |
Net movement of solvent molecules from low to high concentration across a semipermeable membrane |
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Osmotic pressure |
Applied pressure to stop osmosis |
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Isotonic Solution |
Same osmotic pressure, solvent passes through membrane at same rate both ways |
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Hypotonic Solution |
Lower osmotic presure, solvent will leave solution at a higher rate than it enters with |
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Hypertonic Solution |
Higher osmotic presssure, Solvent will enter at higher rate than it leaves with |
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Crenation |
Red blood cells in a hypertonic solution, Shrivel as water leaves |
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Hemolysis |
Red blood cells, if stored in a hypertonic solution, burst |
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Colloids |
Suspensions of particles larger than individual ions or molecules but too small to be settles out by gravity |
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Tyndall Effect |
Colloidal suspension can scatter rays of light |
