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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mixture
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you can see their component parts
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name some ex. of mixtures
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soil, milk
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heterogeneous mixture
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composition not uniform
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homogeneous mixture
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uniform composition
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name ex. for hetero &homo mixtures:
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hetero -milk, soil
homo- salt mixed with water |
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soluble
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capable of being dissolved
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sugar cube in water, you could say
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sugar soluble in water
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solution
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homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase
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describe the atoms,molecules or ions in a solution
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they are thoroughly mixed resulting in a new mixture that has the same comp & properties throughout
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an ex. of a soultion & how it works
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sugar cube in water:
sugar dissolves gradually and the lump disappears as sugar molecules leave surface of their crystals and mix with water molecules. eventually all sugar molecules become uniformly distributed among the water molecules, visible traces of solid sugar gone. |
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solvent
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dissolving medium in a solution, the thing that is dissolving the other thing.
& is usually water |
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solute
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the substance dissolved in the solution. usually lesser quantity of the solvent.
think salt in water, has to be less salt in the mixture for it to dissolve |
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which is solvent & which solute in the ethanol-water solution?
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ethanol solute
water solvent |
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once in a while why would it not be necessary to determine which is solvent/solute?
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if it is a 50%-50% solution
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solutions may exist in which state(s) of matter?
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all 3 states:
gas, liquid, solid |
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how long can a solution remain mixed?
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forever, unless the existing conditions remain the same.
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if the solution is poured thru filter paper...
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both the solute and the solvent will pass thru the paper.
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solute-particle dimesnsions are...
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so small and those of atoms, molecules, and ions
(range from 0.01 to 1 nm in diameter) |
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alloy
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solid solutions in which the atoms of two or more metals are uniformly mixed
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ethanol molecule chem form:
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C2H5OH
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gas in a gas
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oxygen in nitrogen
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gas in a liquid
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co2 in water
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liquid in liquid
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alcohol in water
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liquid in solid
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mercury in silver and tin
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solid in liquid
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sugar in water
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solid in solid
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copper in nickel
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why are some gold bracelets made of a mixture of gold and silver and copper mixture?
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because when you properly choose the proportions of each metal in the alloy, many desirable properties can be obtained. alloys can have higher strenth and greater resistance to corrosion than the pure metals.
so pure gold is to soft to use in jewelry, alloying it with silver and copper greatly increase its strength and hardness while retaining its appearance and corrosion resistance. |
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pure gold is __ karats..
58% gold is __ karats |
24-karats
14-karats |
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define suspension.
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a mixture in which the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.
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particles in suspension can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by...
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passing the mixture through a filter
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colloids
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particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions from mixtures known as colloidal dispersions
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after large soil particles settle out of muddy water, the water is often still cloudy because...
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collodial particles remain dispersed in the water. if the cloudy mixture is poured through a filter, the collodial particles will pass through, and the mixture will remain cloudy.
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the particles in a colloid are small enough to...
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be suspended throughought the solvent by the constant movement of the surrounding molecules
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the collodial particles make up the...
& water is the .... |
dispersed phase
dispersing medium |
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mayo is...
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an emulsion of oil droplets in water.
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the egg yolk in mayo acts as...
which helps to... |
an emulsifying agent
keep the oil droplets dispersed |
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tyndall effect..
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an effect that occurs when light is scattered by collodial particles dispersed in a transparent medium
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what is a property that can be used to distinguish b/tw a solution and a colloid?
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tyndall effect
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when can the indiv particles of a colloid be detecteD?
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under a microscope if a bright light is cast on the specimen at a right angle
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the particles which appear as tiny specks of light, are seen to....
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move rapidly in random motion
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what causes the random motion of colloid particles?
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collisions of rapidly moving molecules
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what is rapidly moving molecules of colloid particles called?
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Brownian motion
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homogeneous
particle size:0.01-1 nm; can be atoms, ions, molecules do not separate on stnading cannot be separated by filtration do not scatter light |
solutions
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heterogeneous
particle size: 1-1000 nm, dispersed;can be aggregates or large molecules do not separate on standing cannot be separated by filtration scatter light (tyndall efffect) |
colloids
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heterogeneous
particle size: over 1000nm, suspended;can be large particles or aggregates particles settle out can be separated by filtration may scatter light, but are not transparent |
suspensions
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a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
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electrolyte
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electrolyte ex.
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NaCl & HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION (HCL)
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a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current
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nonelectrolyte
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nonelectrolyte ex.
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sugar
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what ions do HCL molecules form when dissolved in water?
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H30+ & Cl-
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highly polar molecular compound
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HCL
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electrodes are...
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conductors that are attached to a power supply and that make electric contact with the test solution.
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for a current to pass through the light-bulb filament...
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the test solution must provide a conducting path b/tw the 2 electrodes
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a nonconducting solution is...
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like an open switch b/tw the electrodes, with no current in the circuit
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the physical state in which the opposing processes of dissolution and crystallization of a solute occur at equal rates
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solution equilibrium
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a solution that contains the max amnt of dissolved solute
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saturated solution
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a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions
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unsaturated solution
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a soln that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions
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supersaturated solution
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amount of that substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature
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solubility
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solution process with water as the solvent
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hydration
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liquids that are not soluble in each other
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immiscible
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liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion
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miscible
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rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved
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effervescence
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a solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules
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solvated
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Henry's Law
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the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
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the net amount of energy absorbed as heat by the solution when a specific amount of solute dissolves ina solvent
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enthalpy of solution
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a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution
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concentration (of a solution)
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the # of moles of solute in one liter of solution
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molarity
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the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kg of solvent
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molality
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molarity (M) =
amount of solute (mol) volume of solution (L) |
molarity equation:
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molality=
moles solute mass of solvent (kg) |
molality equation:
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______ are homogeneous mixtures
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solutions
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Mixtures are classified as _____, _____, or _____ depending on the size of the solute particles in the mixture.
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solutions, suspensions, or colloids
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the dissolved substance is the ______.
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solute
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solutions that have water as a solvent are ______.
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aqueous solutions
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solutions can consist of ___ and ___ that are solids, liquids, and gases.
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solutes
solvents |
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___ settle upon standing
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suspensions
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___ do NOT settle out & scatter light that is shined through them
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colloids
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most ___ and some ____ form aqueous solns that conduct an electric current.
these solutes are called.. |
ionic solutes ; molecular solutes
electrolytes |
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___ are solutes that dissolve in water to form solutions that do not conduct
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nonelectrolytes
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a solute dissolves at a rate that depends on:
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the S.A. of the solute, how vigorously the solution is mixed, and the temperature of the solvent.
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the ____ of a substance indicates how mich of that substance will dissolve in a specified amount of solvent under certain conditions.
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solubility
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the solubility of a substance depends on:
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the temperature
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the solubility of gases in liquids ____ with increases in pressure.
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increases
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the solubility of gases in liquids ____ with increases in temperature.
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decreases
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overall energy absorbed as heat by the system when a specified amnt of solute dissolved during solution formation
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enthalpy of solution
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