Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Science
|
asking questions
|
|
|
3 types of science
|
life, earth, and physical science
|
|
|
physical science is ___
|
the study of matter and energy
|
|
|
matter
|
anything that has mass and takes up space
|
|
|
energy
|
ability to do work
|
|
|
Chemistry is a ____ science
|
physical
|
|
|
Chemistry
|
study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, and the changes it undergoes
|
|
|
Branches of chemistry (6)
|
organic, inorganic, physical,analytical, biochemical, theoretical
|
|
|
chemical
|
any substance that has a definite composition
|
|
|
types of research
|
basic and applied
|
|
|
basic research
|
just for the gain of knowledge
|
|
|
Applied research
|
research carried out to solve a problem
|
|
|
Tech development
|
products to improve the quality of life..(ergonomics)
|
|
|
Scientific method
|
gerneral guidelines for gathering info
|
|
|
Steps of scientific method
|
observation, hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, draw conclusions, communicate results, make a scientific claim
|
|
|
scientific claim
|
law or theory
|
|
|
observation
|
using senses to gather info
|
|
|
hypothesis
|
testable question, prediction of what you think will happen
|
|
|
experiment
|
testing hypothesis, more observations
|
|
|
analyze results
|
analyze statistically
|
|
|
draw conclusions
|
what do results say, scientific journal
|
|
|
make a scientific claim
|
lots of evidence
|
|
|
controlled experiment
|
only one change/variable
|
|
|
control
|
standard for comparison, to relate results to
|
|
|
independent variables
|
the one manipulated by the person experimenting
|
|
|
dependent variable
|
changes due to experiment
|
|
|
Experiment must be_____
|
reproducible
|
|
|
theory
|
based on observations experiment results
|
|
|
law
|
rule of nature that sums up related observations and experiments, results to describe a pattern in nature.
|
|
|
pure water is always ___% hydrogen and _____% oxygen by mass
|
11.2%, 88.8%
|
|
|
Lanthanide/Anthanide Series
|
2 sets of elements below periodic table to save space
|
|
|
Malleable
|
hammered into thin sheets
|
|
|
ductile
|
drawn into wire
|
|
|
conductible
|
conducts heat and electricity
|
|
|
tensil strength
|
resists breaking when pulled
|
|
|
system
|
specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment of observation
|
|
|
mass
|
measure of amount of matter
|
|
|
matter
|
anything that has mass and takes up space
|
|
|
atom
|
smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
|
|
|
element
|
pure substance made of only one kind of atom
|
|
|
compound
|
substance made from that atoms of 2 or more elements that are chemically bonded
|
|
|
extensive properties
|
depend on the amount of matter that is present
|
|
|
intensive properties
|
do not depend on the amount of matter that is present
|
|
|
physical property
|
characteristic that can be observed or measured w/o changing the identity of the substance
|
|
|
physical change
|
change in substance that doesn't involve a change in teh identity of the substance
|
|
|
change of state
|
physical change of substance from one state to another
|
|
|
solid
|
matter in a solid state has definite volue and definite shape
|
|
|
states of matter
|
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
|
|
|
liquid
|
matter that has a definite volume but indefinite shape
|
|
|
gas
|
matter has no definite shape or volume
|
|
|
plasma
|
high temp physical state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons
|
|
|
chemical property
|
relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances
|
|
|
chemical change
|
change in which one or more substances are converted into a different substance
|
|
|
chemical reaction
|
reaction in which one or more substances are converted into a different substance.
|
|
|
reactants
|
substance that react in chemical reaction
|
|
|
2 parts of chemical reaction
|
reactant, product
|
|
|
products
|
substances that are formed by chemical change
|
|
|
mixture
|
blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, each of which retains it's own identity and properties
|
|
|
homogeneous
|
mixtures uniform in composition
|
|
|
soltuions
|
homogeneous mixtures
|
|
|
heterogeneous
|
mixtures that aren't uniform throughout
|
|
|
pure substance
|
substanct that a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in that every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties and composition
|
|
|
Groups/Families
|
vertical columns of periodic table
|
|
|
periods
|
horizontal rows of elements of Periodic Table
|
|
|
metal
|
an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity
|
|
|
nonmetal
|
an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
|
|
|
metalloid
|
element with some characteristics of metals and some of nonmetals
|
|
|
volume`
|
the amount of 3D space an object occupies.
|
|
|
examples of extensive properties
|
volume, mass, amount of energy
|
|
|
examples of intensive properties
|
melting pt., boiling pt., density, weight, ability to conduct electricity and heat
|
|
|
examples of physical properties
|
color, shabe, brittleness, texture, length, mass, volume, temp, odor, magnetism, melting/boiling pt
|
|
|
examples of physical changes
|
painting, melting, grinding, freezing, cutting, evaporating, breaking, boiling, condensing
|
|
|
solid to liquid
|
melting
|
|
|
liquid to solid
|
freezing
|
|
|
liquid to gas at boiling pt
|
vaporization
|
|
|
liquid to gas at temp below boiling pt
|
evaporation
|
|
|
solid to gas (directly)
|
sublimation
|
|
|
gas to liquid
|
concensation
|
|
|
all state changes are ______!
|
physical
|
|
|
examples of chemical property
|
electron arrangement, flammable, combustible, react with light (iodine)
|
|
|
examples of chemical change
|
rusting, tarnishing, combustion, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, foaming of antiacid, acid rain on limestone
|
|
|
law of conservation of mass
|
during chem reaction mass is neither created or destroyed; mass is equal before and after
|
|
|
law of conservation of energy
|
change form but can't be created or destroyed; total energy is equal before and after
|
|
|
example of law of conservation of mass
|
burning log: mass of ashes and gases equal the log
|
|
|
example of conservation of energy
|
sun/photosynthesis, light energy to chemical energy.
|
|
|
for every type of change ______is ALWAYS involved
|
energy
|
|
|
classification of matter
|
composition
|
|
|
substances
|
can't be reduced to more basic compound by physical means
|
|
|
matter is either an _______ or _____
|
element or compound
|
|
|
examples of elements
|
aluminum, gold
|
|
|
examples of compound
|
NaCl(salt), H2O(water), C6H12O6(sugar)
|
|
|
Example of mixture
|
kool-aid, salt water, trail mix, salt and pepper, cinnamon and sugar
|
|
|
example of homogenous
|
air, brass (Copper/Zinc), coffee
|
|
|
heterogeneous
|
italian dressing, fog, chex mix
|
|
|
alloy
|
2 metals combined
|
|
|
the study of matter best describes the science of
|
chemistry
|
|
|
chemistry is a ____ science
|
physical
|
|
|
technology is the
|
application of scientific knowledge to solve problems
|
|
|
an example of technology is the
|
use of a new antibiotic to fight an infection
|
|
|
T/F: Applied research is the study of how and why a specific reaction occurs
|
false.
|
|
|
T/F: Basic research is carried out to solve a specific problem
|
False. that is applied research
|
|
|
matter includes all of the following except:
a. air b.light c.smoke d.water vapor |
b. light
|
|
|
physical property may be investigated by
a. melting ice b. letting milk sour c.allowing silver to tarnish d.burning wood |
a. melting ice
|
|
|
chemical properties include...
|
changes that alter the identity of a substance
|
|
|
two features that distinguish matter are ...
|
mass and volume
|
|
|
one chemical property of matter is:
a. boiling pt b.texture c.reactivity d.density |
reactivity
|
|
|
example of physical property is:
a. mass b. density. c. color d. boiling pt |
a mass
|
|
|
which of the following is an intensive phys property?
volume length color mas |
color
|
|
|
chemical change occurs when:
ehtanol purified w/ distillation salt deposites from evap sea water leaf changes color |
leaf changes color
|
|
|
melting of candle wax is physical change because
|
it produces no new substance
|
|
|
particals in a solid are packed ______ and are
|
tightly, constantly in motion
|
|
|
state of matter which a material is most likely to resist compression is
|
solid
|
|
|
state of matter definite shape and def volume
|
solid
|
|
|
state of matter no def shape no def volume
|
gaseous state
|
|
|
state of matter in which particls are rigidly held in fixed postion
|
solid
|
|
|
substances classified as fluid contains particles that...
|
may slide past each other
|
|
|
state of matter material has def volume no def shape
|
liquid
|
|
|
ordinarily particles of gas are
|
very far apart
|
|
|
list of pure substances include:
bread dough vinegar vitamin c sea water |
vitamin c
|
|
|
substances that are chemically bound together are
|
the elements that compose water
|
