Chemistry Ch.9,12,13,18,21,14

Front 1

The solid product produced during a chemical reaction in a solution

Back 1

precipitate

Front 2

Contains one or more substances

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Aqueous solution

Front 3

Spectator ion

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Ions that do not participate in a reaction

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reactant

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starting substances

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coefficient

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chemical equation is the number written in front of a reactant or product

Front 6

Two types of solids

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Crystalline and amorphous

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Example of Crystalline solid

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salt,diamond, graphite, and other gemstone

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Example of amorphous solid

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road tar,candles, and glass

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Crystalline solids

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Have regular repeating geometric pattern in their particle arrangement

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Amorphous Solids

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Do not have a definite melting point like crystalline solids do

Front 11

Molar heat of vaporation

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The enegy required to change 1 mole of liquid to a vapor

Front 12

Molar heat of vaporization of water

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40.6 KJ/Mol

Front 13

Molar heat of fusion

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The energy to melt 1 mole of a substance

Front 14

Molar heat of fusion for ice

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6.02 KJ/Mol

Front 15

Instrument used to measure pressure is a

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Barometer

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Liquids that evaporate quickly have high vapor pressures and are said to be

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Volatile

Front 17

Five changes of state

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Vaporization,Condensation,Melting,Sublimation,and Freezing

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Hydrogen Bond

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Intermolecular forces between water molecules are usually strong

Front 19

Water stay a liquid at room temperature

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Because of hydrogen bonds

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Properties of liquid state

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Liquids packed close together but may slide past each other, dense,slightly disordered arrangement,not compressable,takes shape of its container,surface tension,and capillary action

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Properties of solid state

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Particles packed close and infixed positions,dense/more dense than liquids,very ordered arrangement,not compressable,retains its own shape,no surface tension necessary,no capillary action

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Amorphous solids are also called

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Supercooled liquids

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Amorphos solids are called supercooled liquids because

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They will soften gradually and become thick,sticky liquids

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Evaporation

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A liquid changes to a gas only at the surface of the liquid

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Boiling

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Vaporation that happens throughout the liquid

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When can a gas be close to ideal

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At high pressure and low temperature

Front 27

Why must the Kelvin scale be used when dealing with gases

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There are no negative numbers

Front 28

STP stand for

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Standard Temperature and Pressure

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What are STP numerical values

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1 atm of pressure and 273 K

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Amphoteric

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A substance can act as a acid or base

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Example of amphoteric

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Water

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Conjugate acid

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product which accepted the hydrogen

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Conjugate base

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product of the compound that lost the hydrogen

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Bronsted acid

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Hydrogen ion donor

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Bronsted base

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Hydrogen ion acceptor

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Hydronium ion

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pH scale test for the presence of H30

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Indicator

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Changes color in a acid or base

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Oxyacid

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Acids made up of H,O, and I

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Monoprotic

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Donates 1 protons per molecule

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Diprotic

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Donates 2 protons

Front 41

Titration

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Operation of gradually adding one solution to another to reach an equivalence point

Front 42

How can you tell when an endpoint is reached in a titration

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The indicator changes color

Front 43

How do you number the carbons on the parent chain

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Number the carbons on the parent by starting at the end closest to any branch

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Alkyl Group

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Branches

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Organic compound

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study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties

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Hydrocarbon

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Compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon

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Alkane

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Another word for a saturated hydrocarbon with all single bonds

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Alkene

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Hydrocarbons with at least one carbon to carbon doble bond

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Alkyne

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Have atleast one carbon to carbon triple bond

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Aromatic

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Contains benzene

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Benzene

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Six membered carbon ring

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Isomer

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Have the same molecular formula but different structures

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How can you qualitatively describe a solution

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Diluting or concentrating it

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Suspension

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Largest particle size

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Colloids

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Intermediate sized particles

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Solutions

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Smallest particle size

Front 57

Solute

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Substance being dissolved and is present in the least amount

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Solvent

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What does the dissolving and is present in the greatest amount

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What is the rule used to determine if two substances are soluble

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Like dissolves like

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Tyndall effect

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Colloids are usually cloudy or opaque and will scatter light

Front 61

List the three factors that affect the rate of dissolving

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Agitation,Surface Area, and Temperature

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How do you supersaturate a solution

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Adding more solute than it should have

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Saturated

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Has all the solute it can at that temperature

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Unsaturated

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Does not have all the solute it could hold

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Supersaturated

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Contains more solute than it should normally have

Front 66

How can you tell if a solution is saturated

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Extra solute will fo to the botton of the container

Front 67

Thixotropic mixtures

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Like suspensions that separates into a solid-mixture on bottom and water on top

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Stock Solution

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Solutions are usually purchesed in concentrated form

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Procedure used to dilute a stock solution

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Adding water