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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Monatomic ion
Consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively
Polyatomic ion
Composed of more than one atom.
Binary compound
Composed of two elements and can be either ionic or molecular
Acid
A compound that contains one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissovled in water
Base
An ionic compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
Law of definite proportions
Which states that in samples of any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportions.
Law of multiple proportions
Whenever the same two elements form more that one compound, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
How are the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions related to their positions in ther periodic table?
When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number.
How are the charges of some transition metal ions determined?
The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the number group. The charges of cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost. When a cation can have more than one ionic charge, a Roman numeral is used in the name to indicate the charge.
What are the usual endings for the names of polyatomic atoms?
The names of most polyatomic anions end in -ite or -ate.
How are the names of binary ionic compounds determined?
To name any binary ionic compound, place the cation name first, followed by the anion name.
How do you write the formulas for binary ionic compounds?
Write the symbol of the cation and then the anion. Add whatever subscripts are needed to balance the charges.
How do you write the formulas and names of compounds containing polyatomic ions?
Write the symbol for the cation followed by the formula for the polyatomic ion and balance the charges. To name a compound containing a polyatomic ion, state the cation first and then the anion just as you did in naming binary ionic compounds.
What does a prefix in the name of a binary molecular compound tell you about the compound's composition?
A prefix in the name of a binary molecular compound tells how many atoms of an element are present in each molecule of the compound.
How do you write the formula for a binary molecular compound?
Use the prefixes in the name to tell you the subscript of each element in the formula. Then write the correct symbols for the two elements with the appropriate subscripts.
What are the three rules for naming acids?
When the name of the anion (X) ends in -ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion has the suffix -ic and is followed by the word acid. When the anion name ends in -ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ous, followed by the word acid. When the anion name ends in -ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix -ic followed by the word acid.
How are the formulas of acids determined?
Use the rules for writing the names of acids in reverse to write the formulas for acids.
How are bases named?
Bases are named in the same ways as other ionic compounds-the name of the cation is followed by the name of the anion.
What are the two laws that describe how compounds form?
These ways are summed up in two laws: the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions.
How do you use a flowchart to wtie the name of a chemical compound?
Follow the arrows and answer the questions on the flowchart to write the correct name for a compound.
What four guidelines should you follow to write the formula of a chemical compound?
An -ide ending generally indicates a binary compound. An -ite or -ate ending means a polyatomic ion that includes oxygen is in the formula. Prefixes in a name generally indicate that the compound is molecular. A Roman numeral after the name of a cation shows the ionic charge of a cation.