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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Stuff. Anything that occupies space and has mass.
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Substance
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PURE AND DEFINATE CHEMICAL COMPOSISTION. A sample of matter, all parts of which have 1 set of identifying properties
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Mixture
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Propertys of Substance are retained. An association of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
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Element (112)
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A substance that can not be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
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Compound (made of ______)
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Obey Law of Definte Proportions. A substance of definate composistion which may be decomposed into 2+ simple substances by chemical change
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Homogeneous Mixture
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A uniform intermixture of particles. Samples show same composistion
EX: when alchohol is added to water and throughly mixed |
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Heterozygous/Heterogeneous Mixture
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a mixture in which the ingredients are not uniformally dispersed. EX: salt thrown on top os sugar.
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Malleable
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can easily be hammered into sheets
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Ductile
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Can easily be drawn into a wire
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ENERGY classic
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the ability to do work
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ENERGY REAL********
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Energy is that quantity that can exert a force on an object and move it a distance
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Exothermic
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Describes a chemical reaction that releases heat energy
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Endothermic
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Describes a chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy
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Macroscopic
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Able to be seen, touched - NOT needing microscope
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Microscopic
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World of atoms and elements - needs microscope
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Calorie
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the quantity of heat requireed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree C
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Activation energy
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the amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
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Precipitate
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is to cause a solid to separate out from a solution as a result of a chemical reaction *soild product of a reaction
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Absolute zero
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Molecular motion stops INCLUDING vibrational kinetic energy
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~Solid
~Liquid ~Gas |
~Vibrational
~Rotational and Vibrational ~Translational and other 2. |
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Law of Definate Proportions
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the proportion by mass of the elements in a given compound is always the same
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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The sum of the mass of the products is equal to the sum of the mass of the reactants
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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The sum of the energy of the products is equal to the sum of the energy in the reactants (energy remains the same) total coming out has to equal 100%
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Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy
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E=mc2 energy can be converted to mass and vise versa. Sum of the mass and energy of the reaction is equal to the sum of the mass and energy of the products.
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Intensive Physical Property
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temperature and density (does not depend on system size or amount of material)
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Extensive Physical Property
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Mass and volume (does depend)
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Chemical Property
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refractive index and ductility
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Physical Change
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REVERSABLE- freezing point, tear paper
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Chemical Change
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buring wood, making cookies: NOT REVERSABLE
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2 signs of a Chemcial change
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1. Precipitate forms
2. A gas is being generated |
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Potential Energy
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Stored energy in CHEMICAL BONDS
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Kinetic energy
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energy of motion. 3 TYPES:
1. translationsal (move) 2. Rotational (flipping) 3. Vibrational (vibrate) |
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Energy Conversions
*Always 1 in many out |
lightbulb:
going in: electrical going out: electromagnetic, heat and sound |
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General equation of combustion reaction
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organic matter (C,H, O, N) + O2 = Co2(g) + H2o(g)
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Wavelengths
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All move at same speed which is the SPEED OF LIGHT = 300,000 km/s
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When hit with electromagnetic energies
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All the time
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Heat Capacity of water
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4.184 J/g*c
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7 forms of energy
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Chemical, Magnetic, Heat, Sound, Electrical, Mechanical, and Electromagnetic
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Electromagnetic
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(perpendicular) Made up of 2 components: electrical and magnetic VISABLE LIGHT
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Q problems
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Q = Cp M T
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How to: Identify Oxygen
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A smoldering splint in presence of oxygen reignites
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How to: Identify Hydrogen
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Buring splint in presence of hydrogen gives you a chirp or bark
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General equation to produce hydrogen gas
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Metal + Acid = H2
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Exothermic feel
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HOTT! Physical would be condesation
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Endothermic feel
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COLD!
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Condensation
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gets rid of translational kinetic energy
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Crystal Lattice
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Need billions to be able to feel smallest piece, not a perfect cube HAVE TO BREAK BOND TO GET IT TO REACT WITH SOMETHING ELSE
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Heat
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a form of energy produced by molecular collisions SYMBOL: Q
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Temperature
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A measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a sample
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Measuring Heat
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Joule is the heat capacity of water, we use a calorimer NOT THERMOMETER, which measures TEMP!
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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High frequency = high energy
Cosmic, gama, x rays, u.v, visable, infared, radar, microwave, radio (least dangerous) |
