Chemistry Ch 3

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 2

substance

Back 2

matter with uniform and definite composition(AKA pure substance)

Front 3

states of matter

Back 3

the 3 physical forms of matter(solid, liquid, and solid)

Front 4

physical properties

Back 4

characteristics that can be observed and measured without changing the sample's composition (Ex: density, color, melting point, odor, hardness)

Front 5

chemical properties

Back 5

the ability(or inability) of a substance to combine with or change into one or more substances (Ex: Fe to rust, respiration, combustion)

Front 6

properties and states of matter

Back 6

states may vary depending upon the conditions under which they are observed

Front 7

water and density

Back 7

ice is less dense than liquid water

Front 8

physical changes

Back 8

a change which alters a substance without changing its composition (Ex: cutting, breaking, dissolving, and phase change)

Front 9

phase change

Back 9

transition of matter from one state to another

Front 10

chemical change

Back 10

the process of one or more substances changing into new substances

Front 11

words that indicate a chemical change

Back 11

decompose, burn, cooking, oxidize, rot, corrode, tarnish, rust, ferment, and explode

Front 12

evidence of a chemical change/reaction

Back 12

odor, change in temperature, gas/bubbles, precipitate(formation of a solid), and color change

Front 13

Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 13

mass is conservved in a chemical reaction; products have the same mass as reactants

Front 14

Lavosier

Back 14

-known as the father of modern chemistry

-analytical balance

-O2- not phlogisten

-scientific approach

-conservation of mass

Front 15

Law of Conservation of Mass equation

Back 15

MASSreactants=MASSproducts

Front 16

mixture

Back 16

a combination of two or more pure substances(can be made with different combinations of solids, liquids, and gasses)

Front 17

2 types of mixtures

Back 17

1) heterogeneous

2) homogeneous

Front 18

heterogeneous mixture

Back 18

not the same throughout, individual substances remain distinct (Ex: salad dressing, snack mix and juice with pulp)

Front 19

phase

Back 19

distinguishable parts ++different than phase change++

Front 20

homogeneous mixture

Back 20

the same throughout, single phase (AKA solutions) (Ex: tea, lemonade, and alloy)

Front 21

alloy

Back 21

mixture of metals of metal and non-metal (Ex: steel=Fe & , bronze=Cu & Sn, sterling silver/14-karat gold, and pewter(similar to bronze)

Front 22

separating mixtures

Back 22

based on difference in physical properties of the combined substances

Front 23

5 ways to separate mixtures

Back 23

1) filtration

2) distillation

3) crystallization

4) sublimation

5) chromatography

Front 24

filtration

Back 24

a technique which uese a porus barrier to separate a solid from a liquid

Front 25

distilation

Back 25

a separation technique that is based on the differences in the boiling points of the mixed substances

Front 26

crystallization

Back 26

a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance

Front 27

sublimation

Back 27

the process during which a solid changes o a vapor without going through the liquid phase

Front 28

chromatography

Back 28

a technigue that separates the compounds of a mixture(AKA-mobile phase), based on the ability of each component to be drawn across the surface of another material(AKA-stationary phase)

Front 29

element

Back 29

a pure substance that can not be separated into a simpler substance by a chemical or physical means Ex: Ca, Na, and H

Front 30

Periodic Table of Elements

Back 30

organizes the elemnets into a grid of horizontal rows(periods) and vertical column(groups or families)

Front 31

compounds

Back 31

two or more elements combined chemically Ex:NaCl (2 atoms) and H20 (3 atoms)

Front 32

properties of compounds

Back 32

1) can be broken down by chemical means

-this requires an external energy source such as heat or electricity

2) the chemical and physical characteristics of this are very different from its constitute parts

Front 33

What two categories are matter separated into?

Back 33

mixtures and substances

Front 34

What two categories are substances separated into?

Back 34

compunds and elements

Front 35

Law of Definite Proprtions

Back 35

a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions by mass, no matter how large or small the sample

Front 36

percent by mass

Back 36

the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compund expressed as a percentage

Front 37

Equation for percent by mass

Back 37

mass of the element

----------------------------- X 100

mass of the compound

Front 38

Law of Multiple Proportions

Back 38

when different compunds are formed by combinations of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element