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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass
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law of definite proportions
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if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
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law of multiple proportions
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matter can be neither created nor destroyed
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law of conservation of mass
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the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination
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atom
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smaller particles in the atom
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subatomic particles
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electrons, protons, and neutrons are what?
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subatomic particles
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negative charged particles
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electrons
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the emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves
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radiation
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spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation
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radioactivity
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a dense central core within the atom
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nucleus
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the positively charged particles in the nucleus
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protons
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electrically neutral particles
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neutrons
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the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element
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atomic number
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the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element
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mass number
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number of protons + number of neutrons = ?
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mass number
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number of protons=?
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atomic number and electrons
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atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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isotopes
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a chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are grouped together
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periodic table
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the elements in the periodic table in the rows are called?
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period
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the element in the periodic table in the columns are called?
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families
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a good conductor of heat and electricity
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metal
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a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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nonmetal
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has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
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metalloid
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the elements in group 1A are called?
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alkali metals
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the elements in group 2A are called?
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alkaline earth metals
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elements in group 7A are called?
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halogens
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elements in group 8A are called?
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noble gases
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an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds.
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molecule
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atoms the contain only two atoms
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diatomic molecule
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molecules containing more than two atoms are called?
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polyatomic molecules
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an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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ion
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an ion with a positive charge
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cation
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an ion with a negative charge
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anion
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contain only one atom
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monatomic ions
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ions that contain more than one atom
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polyatomic ions
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chemists use this to express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols
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chemical formulas
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shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.
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molecular formula
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one of two or more distinct forms of an element
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allotrope
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what are the two standard types of molecular models are currently in use?
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ball-and-stick and space-filling
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shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule
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structural formula
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tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms
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empirical formula
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compound containing carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
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organic compound
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compounds that do not contain carbon
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inorganic compound
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compounds formed from just two element
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binary compounds
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compounds consisting of three elements
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ternary compounds
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contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element
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oxoacids
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a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
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acid
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compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
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hydrates
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the simplest type of organic compounds
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hydrocarbons
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smallest particle which can exist
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atom
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and atom is made up of?
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protons
neutrons electrons |
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the nucleus is made up of?
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protons and neutrons
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the electrons are where?
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outside the neucleus in the electron cloud
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what makes the atomic mass?
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protons + neutron
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the mass of an electron=?
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the mass of a proton
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the whole number on the periodic table
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atomic number
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the atomic number =?
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protons
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when the protons = the electrons the atom is?
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neutral
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same number of protons, same number of electrons but different number of neutrons is a?
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isotope
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same element, same physical state, different chemical characteristics are?
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allotrope
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an allotrope contain what?
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carbon
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what are examples of an allotrope
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diamond
graphite coal |
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if a isotope is 2/1H what does the 2 mean?
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the atomic mass
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if a isotope is 2/1H what does the 1 mean?
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the atomic number
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if a isotope is 2/1H what does the H mean?
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the element symbol
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic number?
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1
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of protons?
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1
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of electrons?
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1
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic mass?
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3
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if a isotope is 2/1H what does the H mean?
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the element symbol
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic number?
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1
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of protons?
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1
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of electrons?
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1
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic mass?
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2
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if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of neutrons?
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1
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how do you figure out the number of neutrons when finding out isotopes?
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protons - the mass number
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how do you figure out the net charge?
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protons - electrons
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if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the number of protons?
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27
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if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the number of electrons?
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27
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if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the number of neutrons?
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33
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if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the atomic number?
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27
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if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the atomic mass?
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60
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if their is Fe2- what does the 2- mean?
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there are 2 more protons than electrons
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an element that has to pair with another element, it cannot be by itself
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diatomic element
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an attraction between two ions that transfer to form a bond
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ionic bond
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share electrons to form a bond
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covalent bond
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what does 8electrons mean?
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octet
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if an ion is positive it is a?
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cation
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if an ion is negative it is a?
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anion
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if an ion loses electrons it is a?
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positive ion
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if an ion gains electrons it is a?
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negative ion
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which metal is not solid at room temp?
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mercury(Hg)
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the modern periodic table was developed by?
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Mosley
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the 1st periodic table was developed by?
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mendeleev
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what was the first periodic table based on?
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atomic mass
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which families is the S block in?
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1 and 2A
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which families is the P block in?
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3-8A
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which families is the D block in?
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all of the B families
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which families is the F block in?
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innertransition
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what is family 6A called?
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chalcogen
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at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond
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molecule
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an ion that has more protons than electrons
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cation
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an ion that has more electrons than protons
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anions
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bonds that form between metals and nonmetals
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ionic bond
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bonds that are formed between two metals or two nonmetals
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covalent bonds
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contains OH plus another element
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oxoacid
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B + G yields BG
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composition
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BG yields B + G
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decomposition
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B1G + B2 yields B2G + B1
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single replacement
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B1G1 + B2G2 yields B2G1 + B1G2
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double replacement
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