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110 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass
law of definite proportions
if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
law of multiple proportions
matter can be neither created nor destroyed
law of conservation of mass
the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination
atom
smaller particles in the atom
subatomic particles
electrons, protons, and neutrons are what?
subatomic particles
negative charged particles
electrons
the emission and transmission of energy through space in the form of waves
radiation
spontaneous emission of particles and/or radiation
radioactivity
a dense central core within the atom
nucleus
the positively charged particles in the nucleus
protons
electrically neutral particles
neutrons
the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element
atomic number
the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom of an element
mass number
number of protons + number of neutrons = ?
mass number
number of protons=?
atomic number and electrons
atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
isotopes
a chart in which elements having similar chemical and physical properties are grouped together
periodic table
the elements in the periodic table in the rows are called?
period
the element in the periodic table in the columns are called?
families
a good conductor of heat and electricity
metal
a poor conductor of heat and electricity
nonmetal
has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
metalloid
the elements in group 1A are called?
alkali metals
the elements in group 2A are called?
alkaline earth metals
elements in group 7A are called?
halogens
elements in group 8A are called?
noble gases
an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds.
molecule
atoms the contain only two atoms
diatomic molecule
molecules containing more than two atoms are called?
polyatomic molecules
an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
ion
an ion with a positive charge
cation
an ion with a negative charge
anion
contain only one atom
monatomic ions
ions that contain more than one atom
polyatomic ions
chemists use this to express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols
chemical formulas
shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.
molecular formula
one of two or more distinct forms of an element
allotrope
what are the two standard types of molecular models are currently in use?
ball-and-stick and space-filling
shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule
structural formula
tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms
empirical formula
compound containing carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
organic compound
compounds that do not contain carbon
inorganic compound
compounds formed from just two element
binary compounds
compounds consisting of three elements
ternary compounds
contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element
oxoacids
a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
acid
compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
hydrates
the simplest type of organic compounds
hydrocarbons
smallest particle which can exist
atom
and atom is made up of?
protons
neutrons
electrons
the nucleus is made up of?
protons and neutrons
the electrons are where?
outside the neucleus in the electron cloud
what makes the atomic mass?
protons + neutron
the mass of an electron=?
the mass of a proton
the whole number on the periodic table
atomic number
the atomic number =?
protons
when the protons = the electrons the atom is?
neutral
same number of protons, same number of electrons but different number of neutrons is a?
isotope
same element, same physical state, different chemical characteristics are?
allotrope
an allotrope contain what?
carbon
what are examples of an allotrope
diamond
graphite
coal
if a isotope is 2/1H what does the 2 mean?
the atomic mass
if a isotope is 2/1H what does the 1 mean?
the atomic number
if a isotope is 2/1H what does the H mean?
the element symbol
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic number?
1
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of protons?
1
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of electrons?
1
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic mass?
3
if a isotope is 2/1H what does the H mean?
the element symbol
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic number?
1
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of protons?
1
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of electrons?
1
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the atomic mass?
2
if a isotope is 2/1H what is the number of neutrons?
1
how do you figure out the number of neutrons when finding out isotopes?
protons - the mass number
how do you figure out the net charge?
protons - electrons
if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the number of protons?
27
if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the number of electrons?
27
if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the number of neutrons?
33
if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the atomic number?
27
if an isotope is 60/27Co what is the atomic mass?
60
if their is Fe2- what does the 2- mean?
there are 2 more protons than electrons
an element that has to pair with another element, it cannot be by itself
diatomic element
an attraction between two ions that transfer to form a bond
ionic bond
share electrons to form a bond
covalent bond
what does 8electrons mean?
octet
if an ion is positive it is a?
cation
if an ion is negative it is a?
anion
if an ion loses electrons it is a?
positive ion
if an ion gains electrons it is a?
negative ion
which metal is not solid at room temp?
mercury(Hg)
the modern periodic table was developed by?
Mosley
the 1st periodic table was developed by?
mendeleev
what was the first periodic table based on?
atomic mass
which families is the S block in?
1 and 2A
which families is the P block in?
3-8A
which families is the D block in?
all of the B families
which families is the F block in?
innertransition
what is family 6A called?
chalcogen
at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond
molecule
an ion that has more protons than electrons
cation
an ion that has more electrons than protons
anions
bonds that form between metals and nonmetals
ionic bond
bonds that are formed between two metals or two nonmetals
covalent bonds
contains OH plus another element
oxoacid
B + G yields BG
composition
BG yields B + G
decomposition
B1G + B2 yields B2G + B1
single replacement
B1G1 + B2G2 yields B2G1 + B1G2
double replacement