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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three ways solid, liquid, or gas can be characterized?
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Element, compound, or mixture
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What is an element?
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1 entity by itself with its own properties, can be 1 or more but must be same atom
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What is a compound?
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2 or more different elements
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What is a mixture?
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random mixing of either elements or compounds, or both not in a fixed ratio
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What are the characteristics of compounds?
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must be seperated by chemical means; properties are unique, ratio of elements are fixed
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What is heterogenous?
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need not see seperate boundaries in mixture
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What are the characteristics of heterogenous mixtures?
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visible with eye or with microscope; separated by filtration
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What is homogenous?
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composition and properties of mixture are uniformed
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What are the characteristics of homogenous mixtures?
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consists of ions and compounds; need powerful means to visualize; uniform phase; requires seperation by chemical means
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What is the solvent?
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Compound present in largest quantities
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What is the solute?
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compounds present is smaller quantities
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What 3 things must happen when dissolving a solute?
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1- solute seperates
2- solvent seperates 3- both mix (requires energy) |
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What decides if reaction of endothermic or exothermic?
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values of enthalpy (H) of solute + (H) of solvent + (H) of mix. endothermic= > 0, exothermic= < 0
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What is enthalpy of solvation?
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(H) of solvent and (H) of mix
(called H of hydration of solution is aqeous) |
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What are the steps of enthalpy of solvation?
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1- H bonds are broken (endothermic)
2- Formation of Ion dipole (exothermic) |
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What does (H) of hydration depend upon?
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charge density of ion, which is the ratio of charge to volume of ion. smaller the ion= greater hydration energy b/c more solvent surrounds ion
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What is the solute?
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compounds present is smaller quantities
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What 3 things must happen when dissolving a solute?
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1- solute seperates
2- solvent seperates 3- both mix (requires energy) |
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What decides if reaction of endothermic or exothermic?
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values of enthalpy (H) of solute + (H) of solvent + (H) of mix. endothermic= > 0, exothermic= < 0
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What is enthalpy of solvation?
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(H) of solvent and (H) of mix
(called H of hydration of solution is aqeous) |
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What are the steps of enthalpy of solvation?
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1- H bonds are broken (endothermic)
2- Formation of Ion dipole (exothermic) |
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What does (H) of hydration depend upon?
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charge density of ion, which is the ratio of charge to volume of ion. smaller the ion= greater hydration energy b/c more solvent surrounds ion
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