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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compressibility
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A measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure.
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Why are gases easier to compress than solids or liquids are?
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Gases are easily compressed because of the space between the particles in a gas.
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What are the three factors that affect gas pressure?
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The amount of gas, volume and temperature are factors that affect gas pressure.
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Boyle's Law
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For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure.
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Charles's Law
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The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant.
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Gay-Lussac's Law
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The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume is constant.
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Combined Gas Law
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The law that describes the relationship among the pressure, temperature, and volume of an enclosed gas.
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How are pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas related?
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If the temperature is constant, as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases. As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is constant. As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the temperature increases, if the volume is constant.
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When is the combined gas law used to solve problems?
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The combined gas law allows you to do calculations for situations in which only the amount of gas is constant.
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Ideal Gas Constant
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The constant in the ideal gas law with the symbol R and the value 8.31 (L*kPa)/(K*mol).
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Ideal Gas Law
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The relationship PV=nRT, which describes the behavior of an ideal gas.
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What is needed to calculate the amount of gas in a sample at given conditions volume, temperature, and pressure?
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To calculate the number of moles of a contained gas requires an expression that contains the variable n.
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Under what conditions are real gases most likely to differ from ideal gases?
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Real gases differ most from an ideal gas at low temperatures and high pressures.
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Partial Pressure
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The contribution each gas in a mixture of gases make to the total pressure.
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
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Diffusion
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The tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until the concentration is uniform throughout.
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Effusion
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The process that occurs when a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container.
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Graham's Law of Effusion
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The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass; this relationship is also true for the diffusion of gases.
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How is the total pressure of a mixture of gases related to the partial pressures of the component gases?
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In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.
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How does the molar mass of a gas affect the rate at which the gas effuses or diffuses?
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Gases of lower molar mass diffuse and effuse faster than gases of higher molar mass.
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