Chemistry Ch 12

Front 1

fluid

Back 1

a substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of the container

Front 2

suface tension

Back 2

a foce that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size

Front 3

capillary action

Back 3

the attraction of the surface of a liquif to the surface of a solid

Front 4

vaporization

Back 4

the process by which particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state

Front 5

freezing

Back 5

the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of heat (solidification)

Front 6

crystalline solids

Back 6

solids consisting of crystals

Front 7

crystal

Back 7

a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometic, repeating pattern

Front 8

amorphous solid

Back 8

one in which the particles are arranged randomly

Front 9

melting

Back 9

the physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of heat

Front 10

melting point

Back 10

the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Front 11

supercooled liquids

Back 11

substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid

Front 12

crystal structure

Back 12

the 3-d arrangement of particles of a crystal

Front 13

unit cell

Back 13

the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3-d pattern of the entire lattice

Front 14

equilibrium

Back 14

a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

Front 15

phase

Back 15

any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties

Front 16

condensation

Back 16

the process by which a gas changes to a liquid

Front 17

equilibrium vapor pressure

Back 17

the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temp.

Front 18

volatile liquids

Back 18

liquids that evaporate readily

Front 19

boiling

Back 19

the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as its surface. it occurs when the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

Front 20

the boiling point

Back 20

the temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liwuid equals the atmospheric pressure

Front 21

molar heat of vaporization

Back 21

the amount of heat energy needed to vaporize one mole of liquid at its boiling point

Front 22

freezing point

Back 22

the temperature at which the solid and liquif are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure

Front 23

molar heat of fusion

Back 23

the amount of heat energy required to melt one mole of solid at its melting point

Front 24

sublimation

Back 24

the change of state from a solid directly to a gas

Front 25

deposition

Back 25

the change of state from a gas directly to a solid

Front 26

phase diagram

Back 26

a graph of pressure versus temp. that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist

Front 27

triple point

Back 27

indicates the temp and pressure condtions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium

Front 28

critical point

Back 28

indicates the critical temp and critical pressure

Front 29

the critical temperature

Back 29

the temperature above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state

Front 30

the critical pressure

Back 30

the lowest pressure at which the substand can exist as a liquid at the critical temp. the --- of water is 217.75atm