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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fluid
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a substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of the container
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suface tension
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a foce that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size
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capillary action
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the attraction of the surface of a liquif to the surface of a solid
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vaporization
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the process by which particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state
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freezing
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the physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of heat (solidification)
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crystalline solids
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solids consisting of crystals
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crystal
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a substance in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometic, repeating pattern
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amorphous solid
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one in which the particles are arranged randomly
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melting
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the physical change of a solid to a liquid by the addition of heat
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melting point
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the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
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supercooled liquids
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substances that retain certain liquid properties even at temperatures at which they appear to be solid
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crystal structure
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the 3-d arrangement of particles of a crystal
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unit cell
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the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the 3-d pattern of the entire lattice
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equilibrium
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a dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
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phase
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any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties
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condensation
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the process by which a gas changes to a liquid
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equilibrium vapor pressure
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the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temp.
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volatile liquids
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liquids that evaporate readily
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boiling
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the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as its surface. it occurs when the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
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the boiling point
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the temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liwuid equals the atmospheric pressure
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molar heat of vaporization
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the amount of heat energy needed to vaporize one mole of liquid at its boiling point
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freezing point
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the temperature at which the solid and liquif are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure
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molar heat of fusion
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the amount of heat energy required to melt one mole of solid at its melting point
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sublimation
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the change of state from a solid directly to a gas
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deposition
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the change of state from a gas directly to a solid
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phase diagram
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a graph of pressure versus temp. that shows the conditions under which the phases of a substance exist
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triple point
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indicates the temp and pressure condtions at which the solid, liquid, and vapor of the substance can coexist at equilibrium
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critical point
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indicates the critical temp and critical pressure
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the critical temperature
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the temperature above which the substance cannot exist in the liquid state
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the critical pressure
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the lowest pressure at which the substand can exist as a liquid at the critical temp. the --- of water is 217.75atm
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