Chemistry Ch. 1-3

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

the study of the composition of substances and the changes they undergo

Front 2

Organic Chemistry

Back 2

the study of essentially all substances containing carbon

Front 3

Inorganic Chemistry

Back 3

largely concerns substances without carbon

Front 4

Analytical Chemistry

Back 4

concerned primarily with the composition of substances

Front 5

Physical Chemistry

Back 5

is concerned with theories and experiments that describe the behavior of chemicals

Front 6

Biochemistry

Back 6

the study of chemistry of living organisms

Front 7

Scientific Method

Back 7

an approach to a solution of a scientific problem

Front 8

Hypothesis

Back 8

a proposed reason for what is observed

Front 9

Experiment

Back 9

a means of testing a hypothesis

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Theory

Back 10

a thoroughly tested explanation of why experiments give certain results

Front 11

scientific law

Back 11

a concise statement that summarizes the results of a broad spectrum of observations and experiments.

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Matter

Back 12

anything that takes up space and mas

Front 13

Mass

Back 13

the amount of matter that an object contains

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Substance

Back 14

a particular kind of matter that has a uniform and definite composition (table sugar)

Front 15

Physical Property

Back 15

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition (color, solubility, mass, odor, hardness, density, boiling point)

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Solid

Back 16

matter that has a definite shape and volume

Front 17

liquid

Back 17

a form of matter that has a uniform and definite composition

Front 18

gas

Back 18

matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container

Front 19

vapor

Back 19

-a substance that, although in the gaseous state, is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature

Front 20

Physical Change

Back 20

alters a substance without changing its composition (boil, freeze, dissolve, melt)

Front 21

Mixtures

Back 21

consist of a physical blend of two or more substances (salad)

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Heterogenous mixture

Back 22

not uniform in composition (soil)

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Homogenous mixture

Back 23

uniform in its composition (seawater)

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Solution

Back 24

a homogenous mixture (sugar water)

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Phase

Back 25

any part of a system with uniform composition and properties

Front 26

Distillation

Back 26

when a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed again to a liquid

Front 27

Elements

Back 27

simplest forms of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions. They cannot be separated chemically (hydrogen)

Front 28

Compounds

Back 28

substances that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical reaction. The different elements that make up a compound are always present in that compound in the same proportion.

Front 29

Chemical reaction

Back 29

one or more substances change into new substances
a. New: products
b. Old: reactants

Front 30

The Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 30

states that in any physical or chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed, it is conserved

Front 31

Qualitative measurements

Back 31

give results in a descriptive nonnumeric form (someone’s temperature by feeling their forehead)

Front 32

Quantitative measurements

Back 32

give results in a definite form, usually numbers (a persons fever via a thermometer)

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Accuracy

Back 33

how close a single measurement come to the actual dimension or true value of whatever is being measured

Front 34

Precision

Back 34

how close several measurements are to the same value