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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Relative atomic mass |
Weighted mean mass of isotopes compared to 1/12 the mass of carbon 12 |
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First step of Time of Flight mass spectrometry |
Vacuum: the apparatus is kept under a vacuum to prevent ions formed from colliding with the air |
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Second step of Time of Flight mass spectrometry |
Ionisation: Dample dissolved in volatile solvent Bombarded with with high energy electrons to form positive ions The solvent evaporates from drops to produce only positive ions |
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Third step of Time of Flight mass spectrometry |
Acceleration : Positive ions attracted to negative plate and are accelerated by the electric field As all ions have the same kinetic energy, lighter ions move faster (KE = 1/2 mv^2) |
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Fourth step of Time of Flight mass spectrometry |
Ion drift : The negative plate had a hole in it that ions pass through The ion pass into a beam that travels along a tube called the flight tube |
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Fifth step of Time of Flight mass spectrometry |
Detection : Ions travel to a detector that record their flight time (lighter ions have shorter flight time) Positive ions pick up electrons pick up an electron each the detector A current flows, and the size of the current corresponds to the number of ions present
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Sixth step of Time of Flight mass spectrometry |
Analysis : A mass spectra is produced |
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Definition of orbitals |
Area where electrons can be found |
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Max number of electrons in each orbital and how do they differ |
2 Opposite spin |
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Sub-levels names, number of orbitals and number of electrons |
s 1 orbital 2 electrons p 3 orbitals 6 electrons d 5 orbitals 10 electrons f (not needed) |
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Shape of s and p Sub-levels |
Spherical Dumbell with two opposite lobes |
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Number of orbitals in s, p and d orbitals |
1, 3, 5 |
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Order of energy levels from highest to lowest |
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p |
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Where do you remove the electrons from in ion lectronic configuration? |
From the highest energy levels |
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Hund's rule |
Every orbital in a subcellular is single occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin |
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Shorthand for electron configuration |
Using the noble gas shorthand, where all configuration before the preceeding noble gas is represented as [X], where X is the noble gad |
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First ionisation energy |
Energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mile of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge per ion |
