Chemistry And The Periodic Table

Front 1

Describe the modern model of the atom.

Back 1

Atoms have a central nucleus with protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of moving electrons.

Front 2

Name the three main types of particles that make up an atom and the charge and location of each.

Back 2

1. protons are positive and in the nucleus
2. neutrons are neutral and in the nucleus
3. electrons are negative and outside the nucleus in the electron cloud

Front 3

Give an explanation of the overall charge on an atom.

Back 3

Atoms are neutral because protons equal electrons - positive charges equal negative charges.

Front 4

List 5 properties of metals

Back 4

1. luster (shine)
2. malleable
3. ductile
4. good conductors
5. some are attracted by magnets
6. some will oxidize when mixed with oxygen (rust)
7. usually solids

Front 5

List 5 properties of nonmetals.

Back 5

1. dull
2. brittle - not malleable
3. brittle - not ductile
4. not good conductors
5. many are not solids

Front 6

How are radioactive isotopes used to detect and/or treat different medical conditions?

Back 6

1. can be traced through the body to see how it is functioning
2. can kill unhealthy cells

Front 7

The periodic table has how many periods?
The periodic table has how many families?

Back 7

7
18

Front 8

Who was Henri Becquerel? How did he further the study of chemistry?

Back 8

Bequerel discovered was that a piece of mineral which contained uranium could produce it's image on a photographic plate in the absence of light.
He discovered was radioactivity!

Front 9

Who were Marie Curie, and Pierre Curie? How did they further the study of chemistry?

Back 9

They came up with the term "radioactivity" to describe the spontaneous emissions that they studied
discovery of two new radioactive elements which they named polonium and radium

Front 10

Draw an example of each early model of the atom and label with the name of the person credited for that version.

Back 10

Bohr model

Front 11

What does the atomic number of an element tell about an atom?

Back 11

atomic number = the number of protons
atomic number = the number of electrons

Front 12

Who was the first person to organize the periodic table of the elements?

Back 12

Mendeleev

Front 13

How is the modern periodic table arranged?

Back 13

increasing atomic number (number of protons)
in columns with those that have the same electrons in their outside energy level

Front 14

In which group number would I find the Noble Gases?

Back 14

group 18

Front 15

In which group(s) would I find the transition metals?

Back 15

groups 3-12

Front 16

In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of what?

Back 16

electrons

Front 17

Identify the chemical symbols for phosphorous, platinum, potassium, and palladium.

Back 17

phosphorus - P
platinum - Pt
potassium - K
palladium - Pd

Front 18

Stars exist as what type of matter?

Back 18

plasma

Front 19

Describe nuclear fusion and how elements are created in stars.

Back 19

atoms squeeze together and combine to form larger atoms - hydrogen fuses to helium

Front 20

Give one example as to how tracers are used in science and industry.

Back 20

can be followed through a reaction or an industrial process
- can find weak spots in metals or pipes
- can detect leaks
- can detect small cracks in bridges and buildings

Front 21

What is the element name and chemical symbol for element 112?

Back 21

Cn - Copernicium

Front 22

The element mercury (Hg) is located in which period?

Back 22

period 6

Front 23

The element bromine (Br) is located in which family?

Back 23

halogens - group 17

Front 24

How does the reactivity (chemical property) of metals change as you move across the periodic table?

Back 24

decrease as you move to the right

Front 25

List the three magnetic elements.

Back 25

iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt

Front 26

Why are some elements not abbreviated with their English names?

Back 26

based on Latin names
K - kalium (potassium)
Na - natrium (sodium)
Pb - plumbum (lead)

Front 27

In what state are most of the nonmetals found at room temperature?

Back 27

gas

Front 28

What properties of metals are the opposite of brittle?

Back 28

malleable and ductile

Front 29

What property makes certain metalloids useful as “switches” to turn a small electric current on and off?

Back 29

semiconductors - conduct under some conditions but not others - temperature, light...

Front 30

Why is hydrogen (H) not grouped into a family?

Back 30

actually a non-metal
properties are very different from other elements
90% of universe but less than 1% of Earth's crust, oceans and atmosphere - instead found as water

Front 31

What Greek philosopher first used the word atomos to describe the smallest piece of matter?

Back 31

Democritus

Front 32

Which element is MORE reactive, sodium (Na) or gold (Au)? Why?

Back 32

Na - has only 1 electron in its outside energy level

Front 33

What element is the only nonmetal in group 14?

Back 33

C - carbon

Front 34

What nonmetal is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust? The atmosphere?

Back 34

crust - O - oxygen
atmosphere - N - nitrogen

Front 35

Where on the periodic table are the metalloids found?

Back 35

along stair-step line between metals and non metals

Front 36

Explain how particle accelerators are used to create new elements.

Back 36

speeds up and crashes particles into one another so they combine forcing more protons into the nucleus