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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What element did Humphrey Davy discover? |
Potassium |
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What force did Humphrey Davy use to discover Potassium? |
Electrical current |
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What is everything made of and how many of them are there currently? |
Elements - 92 |
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What is an element? |
A substance that cannot be broken down into anything small by chemical means. |
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What were the Greek elements? |
Earth, air, water and fire. |
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16th Century alchemists were trying to do what? |
Turn base metals into gold; discover Immortality. |
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What was Paracelsus' idea? |
He was not afraid to challenge the ideas of the day. Created a cure, became a radical. Discovered salt, sulfur and mercury, core ingredients to make metals and medicines. |
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Mercury facts: |
14 x heavier than water; toxic; floats a steel bolt (much denser than steel); silvery and mirror-like; rarely found in its natural form; poisoned milliners; pushes your hand up when immersed. |
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The pursuit of gold let to what idea? |
The first major breakthrough to learning the elements. |
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Brandt used urine to discover what element? |
Phosphorus |
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Phosphorus facts: |
White, crystalline, fiery; composes parts of our bones, tissue every cell and DNA; smokes in air; burns cold; shines when burned; 7K grains = 1 lb. |
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Uses of phosphorus and phosphates: |
Food supplement; found in toothpaste; part of drugs to treat osteoporosis; fatal in large doses (fingertip full); used in the bomb dropped on Hamburg (Brandt's hometown); combusts when mixed with sulfur = matches |
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What was Boyle's experiment? |
Phosphorus + Sulfur = FIRE (matches) |
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What did Boyle do to Alchemy? |
Evolved it into Chemistry; divulged secrets; brought alchemy out of the shadows. |
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1667 - The Blind Alley - flogiston, explain what their idea was? |
Flogiston was an odorless, tasteless, weightless substance that caused combustion. Ex: ash + flogiston = wood. This paralyzed the ability to map chemicals. |
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Describe Cavendish's experiment with "airs". It led to what discovery? |
Added zinc to acid, the invisible bubbles were collected, set light to it to create "a new kind of air" which was hydrogen. |
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What is the most abundant element IN THE UNIVERSE? |
Hydrogen |
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What was the Hindenburg and what happened to it? |
A hydrogen filled blimp used for flight in 1957, burst into flames due to the flammability of hydrogen, killing 36. |
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In the mid 1700's there were 19 elements that had been discovered, what were the three "airs"? |
1) Common air or dephlogisticated air = Oxygen 2) Inflammable air = Hydrogen 3) Fixed air = Carbon Dioxide |
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Who investigated carbon dioxide (or "fixed" air) and what does it do to a flame? |
Priestly and it puts out the flame. |
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In 1774, mercuric oxide was heated to create what gas? |
Oxygen |
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Oxygen facts: |
3rd most abundant element ON EARTH; 1/2 the weight of the human body; steel production uses 1/2 the produced O in the world; used in rocket fuel; 20% of air is O. |
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Lavoisier used a quantitative approach to investigate. What did he do? |
Weighed & reweighed, measured & remeasured every experiment. Repeated Priestley's experiment in reverse, weighed tin, heated it, weighed it again, 4g more. |
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Who is known as the Father of Chemistry? |
Anton Lavoisier. |
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Lavoisier destroyed the flogiston myth and discovered the significance of what element (thereby crushing the idea of the 3 Greek elements)? |
Oxygen |
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What was Lavoisier's definition of an element? |
A substance that cannot be decomposed by existing chemical means. |
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How many elements did Lavoisier list? |
33 elements in gases, metals, non-metals and earth metals. |
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What did Lavoisier rename iron oxide? |
Astringent Mars Saffron |
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What happened to Lavoisier? |
He was found guilty of conspiracy against France, and beheaded in May 1794. |
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How did Humphrey Davy break down potash? |
With electrical current |
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How did the narrator create electrical current? How does relate to our recent labs? |
He used a copper coin and a zinc washer connected by copper wire with wine glasses filled with salt water to create and electric current. |
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Describe the experiment that Davy did as reproduced onscreen. |
Potash was melted with flame; (Potash can cause instant blindness, can disfigure); used a 12V battery for electric current; caused a chemical reaction that created a caustic pink flame; Ate the electrodes; produced potassium. |
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Potassium facts: |
Soft, silvery metal, cuts like cheese, tarnishes in air, essential for life - muscles (impulses), kidneys. And overdose of K could cause a heart attack. K + H = potash. |
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How many elements had been discovered at the time of Davy's death? |
55 |
