Chemistry

Front 1

carbohydrates do this

Back 1

provide nutrients to the cells of living things

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The formula for carbs

Back 2

C6nH10n+2O5n+1

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Simple sugar that is the basic sub-unit of a carb

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monosaccharide (n=1)

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sugar formed from two mono's

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disaccharide (n=2)

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sugar made up of a long chain of simple sugars.

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Polysaccharide (n=3)

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a type of sugar, poly, that plants use for storing energy

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Starch

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type of sugar which is an energy storing carb used by animals

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glycogen

Front 8

type of sugar; comes from wood fiber and is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

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Cellulose (paper)

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Chemist sugars contain

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mono and di's

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Cooking sugar contains

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one particular di sucrose.

Front 11

the buildup of di and poly sugars which take part in a reaction called what? This process's by product is what?

Back 11

condensation, water.

Front 12

the breakdown of poloy in which they are changed back to sugars by this process.

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hydrolysis

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proteins are made up of these element.s

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N, C, H, O and sometimes others.

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Our bodies are made up of mostly these.

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Protein.

Front 15

this is the most abundant protein found in the body. And is found in these places.

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collagen, skin/bones.

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these are the proteins in hair

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keratin

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all proteins are made up of...

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amino acids

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the building blocks of proteins

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amino acids

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One of 20 organic molecules that contain a carbox and amino group

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amino acid

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bond that forms between the carbox group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

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peptide

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the resulting biological polymer that forms in peptide is

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polypeptide

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can form a looped protein or 2 separate polypeptides

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disulfide bridge

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what four things give amino acids

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primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

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primary structure is

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amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain

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secondary structure is

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coils and folds that are often held in place by hydrogen bonds

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called analpha helix with h bonds that form along a single segment

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secondary structure

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3d shaped of a protein

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tertiary

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shaped like an accordian with h bonds that form b/w adjacent poly segments

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beta pleated sheet

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arises when diff. peptide chains have their own 3d structure and come together to form a large protein.

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quaternary

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class of biol. molecules that do not dissolve in water

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lipids

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3 major classes of lipids.

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fats, oils, waxes

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used for energy storage in animals

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fat

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cell membrane is made up of what

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lipids

Front 34

used for chemical signaling

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steroids

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general term for fats and oils

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triglycerides

Front 36

whats the difference between fats and oils

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fats are from animals, solid at room temp.

Oils, liquid at room temp. and come from plants.

Front 37

adding h atoms to unsaturated lipid molecule such as margin

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hydrogenation

Front 38

protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction without being permanently changed or destroyed

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enzymes

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only a small part of an enzymes surface (the active site) makes an

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enzymes active

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in reactions that use an enzyme the reactant is called the

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substrate

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to cause a protein to lose its tertiary and quartenary structures

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denature

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when denature happens,

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the polypeptide becomes a random tangle

Front 43

what causes an enzyme

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temp, PH, salinity, etc.

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molecules that are essential for maintaining good health

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vitamins

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vitamins act as sometimes

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enzyme helpers