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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CHEMISTRY |
The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules. |
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD |
-An approach to acquiring knowledge about the natural world that begins with observations and leads to the formation of a testable hypothesis. -Scientific laws, hypothesis, and theory's are all subjected to continued experimentation. |
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1. HYPOTHESIS |
A tentative interpretation or explanation of a scientific observation. |
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2. EXPERIMENT |
Highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that can confirm or refute a hypothesis. |
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SCIENTIFIC LAW |
A brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones. |
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS |
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. |
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SCIENTIFIC THEORY |
A model for the way nature is and tried to explain not merely what nature does but why. |
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DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY |
-The theory that each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms. -All Atoms of a given element have the same mass/proportions that distinguish themselves from the other atoms. -Atoms combine in a simple, whole number ratios to form compounds. -Atoms of one element cannot change into atoms of another element. |
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MATTER |
Anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter can exist in 3 states: 1. Solid/crystalline (atoms arranged in pattern) 2. Liquid 3. Gas |
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SUBSTANCE |
A specific instance of matter. |
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MIXTURE |
A substance composed of two or more different types of atom or molecules that can be combined in continuously variable proportions.
Two types: 1. Heterogenous- compositions varies from one region to another. 2. Homogeneous- composition is the same throughout. |
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ELEMENT |
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substances. |
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PHYSICAL CHANGE |
Changes that only alter state or appearance, but not composition. |
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CHEMICAL CHANGE |
Changes that alter the composition of matter. |
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PHYSICAL PROPERTY |
One that a substance displays without changing its composition. |
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CHEMICAL PROPERTY |
One that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change. |
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COMPOUND |
A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.
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ATOMS |
the submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter.
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MOLECULES |
Two or more atoms joined chemically in a specific geometrical arrangement. |
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IONS |
An atom or molecule with a net charge, caused by the loss of gain of electrons. Cations- ( + ) charged ions Anions- ( - ) charged ions |
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LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS |
all samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they are prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements. |
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LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS |
When two elements (call them A and B) form two different compounds, the masses of the element B that combine with 1g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers. |
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ELECTRON |
a negatively charged, low mass particle present in all atoms. |
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RUTHERFORD'S NUCLEAR ATOM |
1. Most of the atoms mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus. 2. Most of the volume of the atom is empty space, throughout which tiny, negatively charged electrons are displayed. 3. There are many negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus as there are positively charged particles ( named protons ) within the nucleus, so that the atom is electrically neutral. |
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ATOMIC NUMBER |
The number of protons in an atoms nucleus. |
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ISOTOPES |
Atoms with the same number of protons, but have different numbers of neutrons. |
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ATOMIC MASS NUMBER |
The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. |
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ELEMENT DIAGRAM |
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MOLE |
-Defined as the amount of material containing 6.0221421 * 10^23 particles. -Avogadro's Number - 6.022 * 10^23 -the value of the mole is equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon. -this gives us a relationship between mass (grams of carbon) and the number of atoms. |
