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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Democritus |
460-370 B.C.E Said that the a ton was the smallest indivisible particle of matter He proposed that atoms come in different sizes, atoms are in constant motion, and atoms are separated by empty space |
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Aristotle |
384-322 BCE Rejected democritus's idea about the atom
Supported earlier theory by Empedocies about water air earth fire and aether People believe this for about two thousand years |
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John Dalton |
1766 - 1844
He created the atomic theory
Revised democritus's theory of the atom ( all matter was made up of tiny particles called atoms Atoms are indivisible and can never be created or destroyed All atoms of the same element are identical All atoms of different elements are different Atoms are combined separated or rearranged in chemical reactions which form new substances ) Dalton's model was known as the billiard ball model
Dalton's model cannot explain electrostatic attraction or repulsion |
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Atom |
The smallest unit of an element |
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Proton |
A positively charged particle in the atom's nucleus |
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Neutron |
A neutral particle in the atom's nucleus |
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Electron |
A negatively charged particle in the atom |
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Electron orbitals |
The energy of electron and it's relation to a nucleus |
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Energy levels |
The fixed amount of energy that an atom electron or nucleus can have |
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Standard atomic notation |
How an element is written Mass number, atomic number, and element |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons |
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Mass number |
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
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Isotope |
With the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons |
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Bore Rutherford diagrams |
Need to know how to draw |
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Solid |
Have a fixed volume Have a definite or exact shape The particles are still moving there vibrating and rotating Has vibrational And rotational energy
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Liquid |
Has a fixed volume Take the shape of the container Liquids flow Has vibrational rotational and translation energy |
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Gas |
Have no fixed volume or shape Take the shape of the container Expect to fill the space of the container Can be invisible Has vibrational locational and translation energy |
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Plasma |
When electrons have such high energy levels that no nucleus can hold onto
Contains particles of ionized gases |
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Matter |
Is anything that has mass and takes up space
Can be either a pure substance or mixture |
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Pure substance |
A substance that is only made up of one type of particle
Made of only one atom |
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Element |
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substance by any physical or chemical means |
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Compound |
A pure substance composed of two or more different elements that are chemically joined |
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Mixture |
A substance that is made up of two or more pure substances |
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Heterogeneous mixture |
Two or more particles are clearly visible |
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Homogeneous mixture |
A solution
When its mixed together seamlessly |
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Solution |
A mixture of two or more substances |
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Alloy |
Defined as solid solutions of two or more metals |
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Suspension |
The particles will separate overtime by gravity Example oil and water, muddy water |
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Emulsion |
When a liquid is added to break apart the particles into smaller droplets small enough to stay suspended in the water and not be affected by gravity |
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Colloid |
A combination of molecules makes two other substances that will not settle out or join with the other substance |
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Suspension |
The particles will separate overtime by gravity Example oil and water, muddy water |
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Emulsion |
When a liquid is added to break apart the particles into smaller droplets small enough to stay suspended in the water and not be affected by gravity |
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Colloid |
A combination of molecules makes two other substances that will not settle out or join with the other substance |
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Density |
A measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume of a substance calculated by dividing the mass of a sample by its while you |
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Suspension |
The particles will separate overtime by gravity Example oil and water, muddy water |
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Emulsion |
When a liquid is added to break apart the particles into smaller droplets small enough to stay suspended in the water and not be affected by gravity |
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Colloid |
A combination of molecules makes two other substances that will not settle out or join with the other substance |
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Density |
Is the weight of a substance that has been divided by the volume |
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D = M/V |
The formula to calculate density |
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D = M/V |
The formula to calculate density |
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Freezing/melting point |
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid The temperature at which a substance changes from state from a solid to a liquid
Both are the same thing |
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D = M/V |
The formula to calculate density |
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Freezing/melting point |
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid The temperature at which a substance changes from state from a solid to a liquid
Both are the same thing |
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Water and ice |
Water is more dense than ice Ice will float on water One of the only solids that will float in it's liquid form |
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Qualitative property |
A property of a substance that is not measure and does not have a numerical value such as colour, odour, and texture |
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Qualitative property |
A property of a substance that is not measure and does not have a numerical value such as colour, odour, and texture |
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Quantitative property |
The property of a substance that is measured and have a numerical value, such as temperature, height, and mass |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the substance |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Transparent |
Is clear and can see perfectly through |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Transparent |
Is clear and can see perfectly through |
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Translucent |
Is kind of clear and Can see partially through |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Trans |
Is clear and can see perfectly through |
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Transparent |
Is kind of clear and Can see partially through |
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Opaque |
Cannot see through |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Trans |
Is clear and can see perfectly through |
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Transparent |
Is kind of clear and Can see partially through |
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Opaque |
Cannot see through |
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Viscosity |
The ability of a substance to flow or pour readily |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Trans |
Is clear and can see perfectly through |
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Transparent |
Is kind of clear and Can see partially through |
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Opaque |
Cannot see through |
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Viscosity |
The ability of a substance to flow or pour readily |
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Brittleness |
The break ability or flexibility of a substance |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Translucent |
Is partially clear and can see kind of through |
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Transparent |
Is clear and can see through |
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Opaque |
Cannot see through |
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Viscosity |
The ability of a substance to flow or pour readily |
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Brittleness |
The break ability or flexibility of a substance |
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Hardness |
Relate ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance |
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Physical properties |
Give us information about what the substance is like
Can we determined by using our file your senses and measuring instruments
Does not involve changing the composition of the substance Description tells us about the appearance of the subs |
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Lustre |
Shininess or dullness |
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Optical clarity |
The ability to allow light through |
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Trans |
Is clear and can see perfectly through |
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Transparent |
Is kind of clear and Can see partially through |
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Opaque |
Cannot see through |
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Viscosity |
The ability of a substance to flow or pour readily |
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Brittleness |
The break ability or flexibility of a substance |
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Hardness |
Relate ability to scratch or be scratched by another substance |
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Malleability |
The ability of a substance to be hammered into it in a sheet o |
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Malleability |
The ability of a substance to be hammered into it in a sheet or molded |
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Ductility |
The ability of a substance to be drawn or pulled into a final straw and |
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Ductility |
The ability of a substance to be drawn or pulled into a finer strand |
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Electrical conductivity |
The ability of a substance to allow an electrical current pass through it |
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Electrical conductivity |
The ability of a substance to allow an electrical current pass through it |
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Heat conductivity |
The ability of a substance to allow heat through it |
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Chemical properties |
Describes how a substance reacts with another substance |
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Chemical change |
Produces new substances with new physical and chemical properties |
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Change in color |
Chemical property |
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Change in temperature |
Chemical property |
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Presence of a gas
Bubbles |
Chemical property |
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Formation of a solid/precipitate |
Chemical change |
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Formation of light |
Chemical property |
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Change in odour |
Chemical property |
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Periodic table |
It's a table of chemical elements arranged by atomic number |
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Group 1 |
Alkali metals |
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Group 1 |
Alkali metals |
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Group 2 |
Alkaline metals |
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Group 17 |
The halogens |
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Group 17 |
The halogens |
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Group 18 |
The noble gases |
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Period |
A role on the periodic table |
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Metals |
Element that is lustrous malleable and ductile and conducts heat and electricity |
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Metals |
Element that is lustrous malleable and ductile and conducts heat and electricity |
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Metalloids |
An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
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Metals |
Element that is lustrous malleable and ductile and conducts heat and electricity |
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Metalloids |
An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
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Nonmetals |
An element usually a gas or powdery solid that does not conduct heat or electricity |
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Discharge tube |
It is a glass to filled with two electrodes place opposite each other. The two is sealed and contains a vacuum pump. The function of the vacuum pump is to reduce or change the pressure inside the two. The two electrons are connected to a high voltage value.
In the tube experiment, at a low pressure and a very high potential difference electric current is passed through the gas |
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Plum pudding model |
Is a scientific model created by JJ Thompson
The palms are supposed to be the electrons while the space around is supposed to be the proton or the positive energy |
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Metals |
Element that is lustrous malleable and ductile and conducts heat and electricity |
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Metalloids |
An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
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Nonmetals |
And almond usually a gas or powdery solid that does not conduct heat or electricity |
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God doin experiment |
Je |
