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11 Cards in this Set

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chemical equilibrium

is the state reached by a reaction mixture when the rates of forward and reverse reactions have become equal

equilibrium-constant expression

is an expression obtained by multiplying the concentrations of products, dividing by the concentrations of reactants, and raising each concentration term to a power equal to the coefficient in the chemical equation

equilibrium constant Kc

is the value obtained for the equilibrium-constant expression when equilibrium concentrations are substituted

equilibrium constant kp

an equilibrium constant for a gas reaction, similar to Kc, but in which concentrations of gases are replaced by partial pressure (in atm)

law of mass action

the values of the equilibrium-constant expression K, are constant for a particular reaction at a given temperature, whatever equilibrium concentrations are substituted

homogeneous equilibrium

an equilibrium that involves reactants and products in a single phase

heterogeneous equilibrium

an equilibrium that involves reactants and products in more than one phase

Le Chatelier's principle

when a system in equilibrium is disturbed by a change of temperature, pressure, or concentration variable, the system shifts in equilibrium composition in a way that tends to counteract this change of variable

use equilibrium constant in many ways

1) Quantitatively describe content of reaction mixture by looking at magnitude of Kc


2) Determine the direction will proceed by comparing Kc to the value of reaction quotient, Q same expression as Kc, but uses non-equilibrium values


3) Determine equilibrium, given initial and value of Kc

Kc is (>10 squared) very large

equilibrium mixture is mostly products

K is (<10 negative squared) very small

equilibrium mixture is mostly reactants