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93 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
chemistry
the study of the composition
chemical
any material used in or produced by a chemical process
scientific method
1. observation
metric units of measure
lenght - meter (m)
SI units of measure
length - meter (m)
meter = ___inches
39.4 inches
1 inch = ___cm
2.54 cm
volume
the amount of space a substance occupies
1 liter = ___qt
1.06 qt
1 qt = ___ml
946 ml
mass
the measure of the quantity of material an object contains
*does not depend on gravity
so units of mass should not be used to refer to weight
weight
measure of the gravitational pull on an object
the gravitational pull on the moon is __/__ of the gravitational pull on the earth
1/6
1 kg = ___lbs
2.20 lbs
1 lb = ___ g
454 g
temperature
measure of how hot or cold an object is
2. water freeze
1. 100 C
2. water freeze
1. 212 F
scientific notation
number written in two parts: 1) coefficient 2) power of ten
for a number greater than 1 the power of ten is ___
positive
for a number that is less than 1 the power of ten is ___
negative
if power of ten is positive
then you know it is a number __
if the power of ten is negative
then you know it is a number ___
how many zeros in 10 to negative 4th power?
1. 4 zeros (10
measured numbers
numbers obtained by measuring device
what is meant by "uncertainty" in measuring
1. there is always uncertainty in measurements
significant figures
all the digits including the estimated digit (all non-zero & some zeros)
what are the 4 rules for determining that a figure is significant
1. not a zero
what are the 2 rules for determining that a number is not significant
1. zeros at the beginning of a decimal
exact numbers
1. numbers obtained by counting items
1 qt = ___ cups
4 cups
1 lb = ___ oz
16 ounces
how do you determine number of significant figures in multiplication and division
the final answer is written so it has the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures
how do you determine the number of significant figures in addition and subtraction
the final answer is written so it has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places
billion
giga
million
mega
thousand
kilo
one tenth
deci
one-hundreth
centi
one-thousandth
milli
one-millionth
micro
one-billionth
nano
equalities
1. show the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity (ex: 1m = 100cm)
1 mL has what 2 equalities
1mL = 1cc = 1cm3
conversion factor
1. an equality written in the form of a fraction
1 gallon = ___ qts
4 qts
1 qt = ___ pints
2 pints
when an equality shows the relationship of units from two different systems
the number is _____
what equality which shows the relationship between two different systems
is an exception
when an equality shows the relationship for two units from the same system
it is considered ____
in terms of conversion factors stated in word problems
when we see "per" what should we think
what do we do with a % in a story problem
the % is parts of 100
*because this is %/100
different units can be used as long as they reflect the same %/100 ratio
what are the steps in solving a problem using conversion factors
1. state the given and needed units
density
1. comparison of the mass of an object to its volume
how do we determine the density of a solid
1. mass/volume
2. when a solid is completely submerged
it displaces a volume of water that is equal to its own volume
specific gravity (sp gr)
1. is a ratio between the density of a substance and the density of water
what is the density of water
1.00 g/mL
1 tsp = ___mL
5.0 mL
1mL = ___ g
1.20 grams
what is density dependant on
temperature
density and sp gr are the same at room temp
T
in terms of density and sp gr
which have units
how does heat flow relative to two objects of differing temperatures
heat always flows from a substance that is higher in temperature to a substance that is lower in temperature until the termperatures of both are the same
what is the formlula for converting celsius to fahrenheit
Tf = 1.8(Tc) + 32
what is the formula for converting fahrenheit to celsius
Tc = Tf - 32 / 1.8
how do we calculate a kelvin temperature
add 273 to the celsius temperature
0.000,001
moles
deci-'unit'
1/10 or 0.1 'unit'
centi-'unit'
1/100 or 0.01 'unit'
milli-'unit'
1/1000 or 0.001 'unit'
micro-'unit'
1/million or 0.000
nano-'unit'
1/billion or 0.000
kilo-'unit'
1000 times BIGGER than 'unit'
1 kilo-meter
1000 meters
1 milli-gram
0.001 grams
1 micro-gram
0.000
1 centi-gram
0.01 gram
1 deci-gram
0.1 gram
1 nano-gram
0.000
1 kilocalorie
1000 calories
1 milli-liter
1/1000 L or 0.001 L
1 micromole
1/1
0.000
001 moles
1 nanogram
1/billion grams
mg
milligram
dL
centi-liter
kcal
kilocalorie
mcg
microgram
nL
nanoliter
cg
centigram