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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ionization energy
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energy needed for an atom to lose an electron
up and to the right |
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electronegativity
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how an atom behaves when its in a chemical bond rather than by itself
up and to the right |
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atomic size (radius)
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an atom's size
down and left |
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chemical reactivity of metals and nonmetals
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how easily an element reacts with others
split by stairs left side: left and down right side: right and up |
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alkali metals
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first group, one valence
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metallic bonding
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solid except HG, good conductors, malleable, shiny
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ionic boding
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brittle solids, high bond energy,
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covalent bonding
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(molecular bonding) softer solids, not conductors, have lower melting points
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polar covalent
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electrons are shared unequally.. unequal distribution of charge
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nonpolar covalent
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electrons are shared equally with equal distribution of charge
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bond type
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subtract electronegativities
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IM forces
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most compounds have london dispersion, Hbond is strongest.
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solution
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Small particles, little effect of gravity, homogenous
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colloid
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medium particle size, tyndall effect with light, moderate effect from gravity, homogenous
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suspension
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large particle size, large effect from gravity effect from filtration, heterogenous
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what are the colligatvie properties?
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vapor reduction
boiling point elevation freezing poitn depression osmotic pressure |
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what are the unique properties of water?
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high BP, specific heat, high surcae tension , more dense in liquid phase than solid
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how does each of the following effect solubility?
-temp -pressure -surface area (particle size) -agitation |
-T:inversely for liquids, directly for solids
-P:directly -SA: directly -A: directly |
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what two factors are necessary to make the collisions effective?
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1. enough energy to overcome the AE barrier
2. hit at right spots |
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activation energy
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minimum amount of energy needed by the colliding molecules in a chemical reaction to break the bonds of the reactants
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increase concentration does what to rate of a reaction and why does it have an effect based on collision theory
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increase in rate because molecules collide more often cuz they are closer together
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increase in temperature does what to rate of a reaction and why does it have an effect based on collision theory
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more ice-faster, bc more collisions in less time
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increase in surface area does what to rate of a reaction and why does it have an effect based on collision theory
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increased rate, bc more reactnat exposed to surface
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exothermic reaction
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-H value negative.
-releases heat, temp surrounding increases -heat placed in products -energy is put in to break bonds and given off when new bonds are formed -products have less energy |
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endothermic reaction
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-H value is positive
-reaction absorbs heat -surrounding temp less -heat on reactants side -energy put in to break bonds and given off to make -more energy in products |
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Spontaneity depends on...
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entropy (disorder) and enthalpy (heat)
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how does entropy and enthalpy relate to spontaneity
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equilibrium is reached the ________ of the product formation equals the _________ of the reactant formation
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rate rate
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__________ principle states that when a stress is applied to a system, the system _______ to relieve that stress
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le chatelier's..shift
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