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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
angular momentum quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the shape of the orbital
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atom
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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element
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Aufbau principle
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an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it
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average atomic mass
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the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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electromagnetic spectrum
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all the forms of electromagnetic radiation
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electron configuration
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the arrangement of electrons in an atom
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excited state
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a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it does in its ground state
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frequency
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the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second
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ground state
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the lowest energy state of an atom
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle
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it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
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highest occupied level
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the electron-containing main energy level with the highest principal quantum number
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Hunds rule
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orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom
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inner-shell electrons
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an electron that is not in the highest occupied energy level
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isotopes
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atoms of the same element with different masses
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law of conservation of mass
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mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical or physical reactions
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law of definite proportions
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a chemical compound contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or the source of the compound
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law of multiple proportions
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if two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, then the ratio of the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element is always a ratio of small whole numbers
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magnetic quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
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mass number
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the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope
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noble gas configuration
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an outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases by eight electrons
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noble gases
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a Group 18 element ( helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon)
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nuclear forces
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a short-range proton-neutron, proton-proton, or neutron-neutron force that holds the nuclear particles together
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orbital
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a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron
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Pauli exclusion principle
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no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
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principal quantum number
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the quantum number that indicates the main energy level occupied the electron
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quantum numbers
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a number that specifies the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electron in orbitals
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quantum theory
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a mathematical description of the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
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spin quantum number
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the quantum number that has only two possible values +1/2 and -1/2, which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
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wavelength
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the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
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