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11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Volatility
the ease that a liquid turns into a gas.
Reflux
the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.
Esterification
the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.
dehydration
an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.
Hydrolysis
a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into 2 compounds.
Nucleophillic substitution
a substitution reaction where a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
% yield
actual amount, in mol, of product
divided by
theoretical amount, in mol, of product
multiplied by 100
limiting reagent
a substance ina chemical reaction that runs out first
atom economy
molecular mass of desired product
divided by
sum of molecular masses of all products
multiplied by 100
Molecular ion, M+
the positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron.
Fragmentation
the process in mass spec. that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragment ion.