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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Are highly compressible, assumes, shape and volume of container. Far apart and do not interact much with each other.
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Gases
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Almost incompressible, assume the shape but not the volume of container. Held closer together than gas molecules but not so rigidly that the molecules cannot slide past each other
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Liquids
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-Assumes both the volume and shape of its container
-Is compressible -Flows readily -Diffusion within a ____ occurs rapidly |
Gas
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-Assumes the shape of the portion of the container it occupies
-Does not expand to fill container -Is virtually incompressible -Flows readily -Diffusion within a _____ occurs slowly |
Liquid
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-Retains its own shape and volume
-Is virtually incompressible -Does not flow -Diffusion within a _____ occurs extremely slowly |
Solid
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Total disorder; much empty space; particles have complete fredom of motion; particles far apart
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Gas
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Disorder, particles or clusters of particles are free to move relative to each other; particles close together
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Liquid
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Ordered arrangement; particles are essentially in fixed positions; particles clsoe together
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Crystalline solid
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Converting a gas to a liquid or solide requires _______
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molecules to get closer to each other, cool or compress
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Converting a solid into a liquid or gas requires _____
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molecuels to move further apart, heat or reduce pressure
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The forces holding solids and liquids together are called _____________
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Intermolecular forces
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The covalent bond holding a molecule together is an _______________
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Intramolecular force
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The attration between molecues is an _______________
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Intermolecular force
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Which one is weaker
A) Intermolecular Force B) Intramolecular Force |
A) Intermolecular force
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Types of Intermolecular Forces:
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Hydrogen Bonding
Ion-Dipole Forces Dipole-Dipole Forces London Dispersion Forces |
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What is the strongest of all intermolecular forces?
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Ion-Diple Forces
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The greater the surface area available for contact, the greater the _________ forces
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London Dispersion
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_______________ forces between spherical molecules are lower than between sausage-like molecuels
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London Dispersion
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Only H-F, H-N, and H-O can ______________ bond
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Hydrogen bond
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What is the weakest of all intermolecular forces?
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London Dispersion
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In a London Dispersion Force the instant a diple is formed is called an ______________________
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Instantaneous dipole
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The forces between instantaneous dipoles are called _______________
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London Dispersion forces
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The eas with which an electron cloud can be deformed is called _________
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Polarizability
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The larger the molecule (the greater the number of electrons) the more _________
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polarizable
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London dispersion forces __________ as molecular weight increases
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Increase
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___________ is the resistance of a liquid to flow
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Viscosity
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The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the ____________
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Viscosity
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_____________= Bulk molecules (those in the liquid) are equally attracted to their neighbors
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Surface tension
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Surface tension molecules are only attracted _______ towards the bulk molecules. Therefore, surface molecules are packed more closely than bulk molecules
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Inwards
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______________ is the amount of energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid
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Surface Tension
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____________ forces bind molecules to each other
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Cohesive
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____________ foreces bind molecules to a surface
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Adhesive
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__________ is the shape of the liquid surface
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Meniscus
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When a narrow glass tube is place in water, the meniscus pulls the water up the tube
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Capillary Action
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Solid ----> Gas
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Sublimination
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Liquid -------> Gas
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Vaporization
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Solid -------> Liquid
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Melting or Fusion
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Gas -------> Solid
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Deposition
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Gas --------> Liquid
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Condensation
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Liquid ---------> Solid
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Freezing
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Endothermic Phase Changes
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Sublimination
Vaporization Melting or Fusion |
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Exothermic Phase Changes
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Deposition
Condensation Freezing |
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Plot of temperature change versus heat added is a ______________
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Heating Curve
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When a liquid is cooled below its melting point and it still remains a liquid is called
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Supercooling
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An ideal gas differs from a real gas in that the molecules of an idea gas ______________
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Have no attraction for one another
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Gases are highly _________ and occupy the full ________ of their container
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Compressible; Volume
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When a gas is subject to pressure, its volume ________
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Decreases
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P=F/A
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Pressure
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V1 X P1 = V2 X P2
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Boyle's Law
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P1/T1 = P2/T2
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Charles's Law
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V = constant X n
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Avogadro's Law
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The volume of gas at a given temperature and pressure is drectly proportional to the number of moles of gas
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Avogadro's Law
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The volume of a fixed quantity of gas at constant pressure increases as the temperature increase
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Charles's Law
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For a fixed amount of gas at constant temp, the volume of the gas varies inversely with its pressure
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Boyle's Law
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What does this mean?
1) 0 C or 273.15 K 2) 1 atm 3) 22.4 L of molar volume |
Standard Temperature and Pressure
STP |
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At a given temperature and pressure, the volumes of gases which react are ratios of small whole numbers
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Gay-Lussac's Law of combining volumes
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PV = nRT
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Ideal Gas Equation
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Change in the conditions of the Gas
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P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2
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M= dRT/P
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Molar Mass
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