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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Where is a proton located?
The nucleus
What type of charge does a proton have?
A positive charge (+1)
What is the mass of a proton?
1 AMU (atomic mass unit)
Where is a neutron located?
The nucleus
What type of charge does a neutron have?
No charge (neutral)
What is the mass of a neutron?
1 AMU (atomic mass unit)
Where is an electron located?
Orbits around the nucleus
What type of charge does a electron have?
A negative charge (-)
What is the mass of an electron?
0 AMU (atomic mass unit)
The atomic number tells you the number of ________?
(_______ charges)
protons
positive
___________ can also be determined by looking at the atomic number
Electrons
Atomic mass - atomic number = _________ ?
*if the atomic mass is a decimal, you must round this off to the nearest whole number*
Neutrons
ex. lithium
Atomic number 3 & atomic mass of 7
Protons - 3 Electrons - 3
Neutrons: 7-3 = 4
What is the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold?
Shells
1, 2, 3 and 4?
Max # of Electrons
2
8
8
18
Max # of Electrons
2
8
8
18
_____ Diagrams - are diagrams that illustrate chemical bonding by showing only an atoms valence electrons (electrons in outer shell) and the chemical symbol
Lewis
Lewis
Rules for Lewis Diagram:
1. Dots to represent the valence electrons are placed around the elements symbol at the points of the compass (E, N, W, S)
*note on back*
*you can place the first two dots on any side, but the rest should be placed in either a clockwise or counter clockwise manner, with no side receiving two dots until each side gets one*
2. Electron dots are placed singly until the __th electron is reached, then they are paired
5th
An atom (or group of atoms) that carry a charge is what?
Ions
Metal atoms ____ electrons to complete their outer shell and become ___________ charged ions.
These are called "________"
lose
positively
cations
Non-metals ____ electrons to complete their outer shell and become _________ charged ions.
These are called "____________"
gain
negatively
anions
The ion charge is found where on your periodic table?
Common ions formed are shown in the upper-right hand corner of the box of an atom
Some metals form ions more than one way. These are called _________. These are in the middle portion portion of the periodic table. The most common are listed at the ___.
Multivalent
top
Why did the Li atom turn to postive?
Why did the Li atom turn to postive?
It lost an electron
Metals combine with _____ - ________ to make an iconic compound
non-metals
1. Write the symbols for the elements (_____ first)
2. Place the ion charges __ ___.
3. Drop the signs and ____ the number to the bottom
*Subscripts of "1" are not written*
*Ion charges that are the same cancel each other out*
1. Write the symbols for the elements (_____ first)
2. Place the ion charges __ ___.
3. Drop the signs and ____ the number to the bottom
*Subscripts of "1" are not written*
*Ion charges that are the same cancel each other out*
metal
up top
cross
In the name of an ionic compound, the ___-_____ name ends in "____"
ex. bromine changes to what?
ex. oxygen changes to what?
non-metal
"ide"
brom"ide"
ox"ide"
When dealing with a multivalent element (have more than one ion charge, roman numerals are used to show which ion charge is used.
ex. iron III oxide
That means the ion you will use for iron, is __?
*You would then do criss cross method as usual*
3
Rules to naming ionic compounds:
1. name of the _____ goes first, name does not change
2. name of the ______ goes second, the ending of the name changes to "ide"
metal
non metal
Non-metal names:
chlorine - ?                   
bromine - ?
nitrogen - ?
phosphorus - ?
Non-metal names:
chlorine - ?
bromine - ?
nitrogen - ?
phosphorus - ?
chloride
bromide
nitride
phosphide
If the metal has more than one ion charge (multivalent) you must use ________ __________ to show which ion charge is used
roman numerals
*iron and lead both are multivalent elements, the roman numeral shows which ion was used*
roman numerals
*iron and lead both are multivalent elements, the roman numeral shows which ion was used*
__________ _____ - groups of atoms that carry a charge and tend to stay together during chemical reactions.
*found on data booklet*
Most carry a _____ charge
Polyatomic Ions
Negative
Polyatomic Ions
Negative
Formula Writing with Polyatomic Ions
- same criss - cross method
- most polyatomic ions end in "___" or "___"
- after signs are dropped, cross the numbers over to the other side and outside of brackets**
ate
ite
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
ex. NaHCO3
Na - you get from ________ _______
HCO3 - you get from ________ __________
period table
polyatomic ions
Fe2(CO3)3
*must check the ___ ________ of metal to see if Roman Numeral has to be used*
ion
charge
(NH4)3PO4 - two polyatomic ions
*find names in ___________ _____*
polyatomic
ions
Covalent Compounds
- bonders between ____ _____, _____ _____ or ____________
- result of _________ sharing
- _____ bonds (liquids and gases)
non metal
non metal
hydrogens
weak
Covalent bonds form when _________ are shared between atoms to complete their outer ______.
electrons
shell (orbit)
Naming Covalent Compounds
- must use __________ *in data booklet*
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
prefixes
mono
di
tri
tetra
ect.
Rules are similar to ionic compounds (first name does not change, second ending changes to "ide") but the subscript number that appears after the second element is used for the _______ for the ________ second element
prefix
second
Naming Covalent Compounds
ex. CCl4 - carbon ______chloride
NO - nitrogen _____xide
SO3 - sulphur ___oxide
tetra
mono
tri
P2S5 - diphosphorus pentasulphide
Prefix are only put on the first element IF there is a _________ on it (not 1)
subscript
Writing Formulas for Covalent Compounds
- simply write the formula as you read the name and insert the subscript numbers behind the element
ex. carbon dioxide = CO2
C is the symbol for carbon, O is the symbol for oxide, "di" is the prefix for 2 and this is placed as a subscript ______ the oxygen
after
ex. Triphosphorus pentasulphide
would turn into what?
P, S element symbols*
P3S5
Diatomic Molecules
- molecules with ____ atoms that are held together by ______ bonds
ex. hydrogen = H2
Chlorine = Cl2
two
covalent
Models for Ionic Compounds
Bohr Models
- models of ____ are drawn _____ square brackets with the ___ charge on the top right of the bracket
*all _____ and ______ are drawn*
IONS
inside
ion
electron
shells
Lewis Diagram (Ionic Compounds)
- element symbol is written and ________ electrons are shown. _________ electrons for _____ are lost when combining with a ____ _____. Therefor, ____ will not have any dots for the valence shell and the ___ _____ will have dots for completed outer shells
valence
valence
metals
non metal
metal
non metal
*Helpful tip* (Lewis Diagram Ionic Compounds)
- all models for ionic compounds have square brackets. The brackets almost look like a capital "I" for ionic
What type of diagram is this?
What type of diagram is this?
Bohr Diagram for Ionic Compouds
What type of diagram is this?
What type of diagram is this?
Lewis Diagram for Ionic Compounds
Bohr Models for COVALENT Compounds
- models of the atoms are drawn showing how the _______ are being ______
*square brackets are not used*
Bohr Models for COVALENT Compounds
- models of the atoms are drawn showing how the _______ are being ______
*square brackets are not used*
electrons
shared
Lewis Diagram for COVALENT Compounds
- all electrons travel in _____
- "----" a pair of shared electrons (each lines represents two electrons)
- all atoms try to get __# electrons around them
- single atoms in compound with multiple atoms are ...
Lewis Diagram for COVALENT Compounds
- all electrons travel in _____
- "----" a pair of shared electrons (each lines represents two electrons)
- all atoms try to get __# electrons around them
- single atoms in compound with multiple atoms are placed in the ________
pairs
8
middle
Compounds
- made of two or more _______ that are combined in a definite formula
ex. H2O : the number 2 is called a subscript. Tells how many atoms of the element it follows. In H2O there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
ex. 6ZnCl2 : The number 6 is a _________. It tells you how many molecules of a compound there are
elements
coefficient
What are 3 different types of Compounds?
Acids
Bases
Salts
Properties of Acids:
- what is the taste?
- turns blue litmus paper what colour?
- MOST formulas start with what letter?
- corrosive or not?
- what do they conduct?
sour
red
H
yes corrosive
electricity
Rules for naming Acids:
*Acids NOT containing OXGYEN* = Hydrogen changes to "________" and the ending changes to "___ __________"*
hydro
ic adic
ex. HF - hydrogen fluoride
= hydrofluoric acid
Rules for naming Acids:
*Acids CONTAINING OXYGEN and POLY ION ending with "ate" changes to "__ _____". Hydrogen DROPPED*
ic acid
ex. H2CO3 - hydrogen carbonate
= carbonic acid
Rules for naming Acids:
*Acids containing OXYGEN and POLY ION ending with "ite" changes to "____ ______". Hydrogen DROPPED*
ous acid
ex. HCLO2 - hydrogen chlorite
= chlorous acid
Properties of Bases:
- taste what?
- feel what?
- turn red litmus paper what colour?
- formulas end with "___"
- conduct what?
bitter
slippery
blue
OH
electricity
_________ - the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water
Acid + Base --------> Salt + Water
ex. HCl + NaOH ------------> NaCl = H2O
*The H+ and OH- combine to make water and the remaining elements form an ionic salt*
neutralization
Salts:
Are a class of ______ __________ that can be formed during a reaction of an acid with a base (neutralization)
Salts:
Are a class of ______ __________ that can be formed during a reaction of an acid with a base (neutralization)
ionic compound
_________ - chemical compound that includes at least one oxygen atom or ion along with one or more other elements
________ _______ - chemical compound that contains a metal chemically combined with oxygen. When a metal oxide combines with water the solution becomes basic
oxides
metal oxides
ex. Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH