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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is a proton located?
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The nucleus
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What type of charge does a proton have?
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A positive charge (+1)
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What is the mass of a proton?
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1 AMU (atomic mass unit)
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Where is a neutron located?
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The nucleus
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What type of charge does a neutron have?
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No charge (neutral)
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What is the mass of a neutron?
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1 AMU (atomic mass unit)
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Where is an electron located?
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Orbits around the nucleus
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What type of charge does a electron have?
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A negative charge (-)
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What is the mass of an electron?
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0 AMU (atomic mass unit)
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The atomic number tells you the number of ________?
(_______ charges) |
protons
positive |
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___________ can also be determined by looking at the atomic number
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Electrons
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Atomic mass - atomic number = _________ ?
*if the atomic mass is a decimal, you must round this off to the nearest whole number* |
Neutrons
ex. lithium Atomic number 3 & atomic mass of 7 Protons - 3 Electrons - 3 Neutrons: 7-3 = 4 |
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What is the maximum number of electrons each shell can hold?
Shells 1, 2, 3 and 4? |
Max # of Electrons
2 8 8 18 |
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_____ Diagrams - are diagrams that illustrate chemical bonding by showing only an atoms valence electrons (electrons in outer shell) and the chemical symbol
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Lewis
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Rules for Lewis Diagram:
1. Dots to represent the valence electrons are placed around the elements symbol at the points of the compass (E, N, W, S) *note on back* |
*you can place the first two dots on any side, but the rest should be placed in either a clockwise or counter clockwise manner, with no side receiving two dots until each side gets one*
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2. Electron dots are placed singly until the __th electron is reached, then they are paired
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5th
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An atom (or group of atoms) that carry a charge is what?
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Ions
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Metal atoms ____ electrons to complete their outer shell and become ___________ charged ions.
These are called "________" |
lose
positively cations |
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Non-metals ____ electrons to complete their outer shell and become _________ charged ions.
These are called "____________" |
gain
negatively anions |
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The ion charge is found where on your periodic table?
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Common ions formed are shown in the upper-right hand corner of the box of an atom
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Some metals form ions more than one way. These are called _________. These are in the middle portion portion of the periodic table. The most common are listed at the ___.
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Multivalent
top |
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Why did the Li atom turn to postive?
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It lost an electron
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Metals combine with _____ - ________ to make an iconic compound
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non-metals
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1. Write the symbols for the elements (_____ first)
2. Place the ion charges __ ___. 3. Drop the signs and ____ the number to the bottom *Subscripts of "1" are not written* *Ion charges that are the same cancel each other out* |
metal
up top cross |
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In the name of an ionic compound, the ___-_____ name ends in "____"
ex. bromine changes to what? ex. oxygen changes to what? |
non-metal
"ide" brom"ide" ox"ide" |
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When dealing with a multivalent element (have more than one ion charge, roman numerals are used to show which ion charge is used.
ex. iron III oxide That means the ion you will use for iron, is __? *You would then do criss cross method as usual* |
3
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Rules to naming ionic compounds:
1. name of the _____ goes first, name does not change 2. name of the ______ goes second, the ending of the name changes to "ide" |
metal
non metal |
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Non-metal names:
chlorine - ? bromine - ? nitrogen - ? phosphorus - ? |
chloride
bromide nitride phosphide |
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If the metal has more than one ion charge (multivalent) you must use ________ __________ to show which ion charge is used
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roman numerals
*iron and lead both are multivalent elements, the roman numeral shows which ion was used* |
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__________ _____ - groups of atoms that carry a charge and tend to stay together during chemical reactions.
*found on data booklet* Most carry a _____ charge |
Polyatomic Ions
Negative |
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Formula Writing with Polyatomic Ions
- same criss - cross method - most polyatomic ions end in "___" or "___" - after signs are dropped, cross the numbers over to the other side and outside of brackets** |
ate
ite |
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Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
ex. NaHCO3 Na - you get from ________ _______ HCO3 - you get from ________ __________ |
period table
polyatomic ions |
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Fe2(CO3)3
*must check the ___ ________ of metal to see if Roman Numeral has to be used* |
ion
charge |
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(NH4)3PO4 - two polyatomic ions
*find names in ___________ _____* |
polyatomic
ions |
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Covalent Compounds
- bonders between ____ _____, _____ _____ or ____________ - result of _________ sharing - _____ bonds (liquids and gases) |
non metal
non metal hydrogens weak |
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Covalent bonds form when _________ are shared between atoms to complete their outer ______.
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electrons
shell (orbit) |
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Naming Covalent Compounds
- must use __________ *in data booklet* 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - |
prefixes
mono di tri tetra ect. |
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Rules are similar to ionic compounds (first name does not change, second ending changes to "ide") but the subscript number that appears after the second element is used for the _______ for the ________ second element
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prefix
second |
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Naming Covalent Compounds
ex. CCl4 - carbon ______chloride NO - nitrogen _____xide SO3 - sulphur ___oxide |
tetra
mono tri |
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P2S5 - diphosphorus pentasulphide
Prefix are only put on the first element IF there is a _________ on it (not 1) |
subscript
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Writing Formulas for Covalent Compounds
- simply write the formula as you read the name and insert the subscript numbers behind the element ex. carbon dioxide = CO2 C is the symbol for carbon, O is the symbol for oxide, "di" is the prefix for 2 and this is placed as a subscript ______ the oxygen |
after
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ex. Triphosphorus pentasulphide
would turn into what? P, S element symbols* |
P3S5
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Diatomic Molecules
- molecules with ____ atoms that are held together by ______ bonds ex. hydrogen = H2 Chlorine = Cl2 |
two
covalent |
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Models for Ionic Compounds
Bohr Models - models of ____ are drawn _____ square brackets with the ___ charge on the top right of the bracket *all _____ and ______ are drawn* |
IONS
inside ion electron shells |
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Lewis Diagram (Ionic Compounds)
- element symbol is written and ________ electrons are shown. _________ electrons for _____ are lost when combining with a ____ _____. Therefor, ____ will not have any dots for the valence shell and the ___ _____ will have dots for completed outer shells |
valence
valence metals non metal metal non metal |
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*Helpful tip* (Lewis Diagram Ionic Compounds)
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- all models for ionic compounds have square brackets. The brackets almost look like a capital "I" for ionic
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What type of diagram is this?
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Bohr Diagram for Ionic Compouds
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What type of diagram is this?
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Lewis Diagram for Ionic Compounds
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Bohr Models for COVALENT Compounds
- models of the atoms are drawn showing how the _______ are being ______ *square brackets are not used* |
electrons
shared |
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Lewis Diagram for COVALENT Compounds
- all electrons travel in _____ - "----" a pair of shared electrons (each lines represents two electrons) - all atoms try to get __# electrons around them - single atoms in compound with multiple atoms are placed in the ________ |
pairs
8 middle |
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Compounds
- made of two or more _______ that are combined in a definite formula ex. H2O : the number 2 is called a subscript. Tells how many atoms of the element it follows. In H2O there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom ex. 6ZnCl2 : The number 6 is a _________. It tells you how many molecules of a compound there are |
elements
coefficient |
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What are 3 different types of Compounds?
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Acids
Bases Salts |
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Properties of Acids:
- what is the taste? - turns blue litmus paper what colour? - MOST formulas start with what letter? - corrosive or not? - what do they conduct? |
sour
red H yes corrosive electricity |
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Rules for naming Acids:
*Acids NOT containing OXGYEN* = Hydrogen changes to "________" and the ending changes to "___ __________"* |
hydro
ic adic ex. HF - hydrogen fluoride = hydrofluoric acid |
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Rules for naming Acids:
*Acids CONTAINING OXYGEN and POLY ION ending with "ate" changes to "__ _____". Hydrogen DROPPED* |
ic acid
ex. H2CO3 - hydrogen carbonate = carbonic acid |
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Rules for naming Acids:
*Acids containing OXYGEN and POLY ION ending with "ite" changes to "____ ______". Hydrogen DROPPED* |
ous acid
ex. HCLO2 - hydrogen chlorite = chlorous acid |
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Properties of Bases:
- taste what? - feel what? - turn red litmus paper what colour? - formulas end with "___" - conduct what? |
bitter
slippery blue OH electricity |
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_________ - the reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water
Acid + Base --------> Salt + Water ex. HCl + NaOH ------------> NaCl = H2O *The H+ and OH- combine to make water and the remaining elements form an ionic salt* |
neutralization
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Salts:
Are a class of ______ __________ that can be formed during a reaction of an acid with a base (neutralization) |
ionic compound
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_________ - chemical compound that includes at least one oxygen atom or ion along with one or more other elements
________ _______ - chemical compound that contains a metal chemically combined with oxygen. When a metal oxide combines with water the solution becomes basic |
oxides
metal oxides ex. Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH |