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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Barbiturates
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Central Nervous System Depressants
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Alcohol (ETOH)
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Central Nervous System Depressants
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Meprobamate
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Central Nervous System Depressants
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Glutethimide
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Central Nervous System Depressants
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Chloral hydrate
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Central Nervous System Depressants
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Benzodiazepines
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Central Nervous System Depressants
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Central Nervous System Depressants:
Intoxication |
Physical:
Slurred speech Incoordination Unsteady gait Drowsiness Decreased blood pressure Psychological-perceptual: Disinhibition of sexual or aggressive drives Impaired judgment Impaired social or occupational function Impaired attention or memory Irritability |
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Central Nervous System Depressants:
Overdose Effects |
Cardiovascular or respiratory depression or arrest (mostly with barbiturates)
Coma Shock Convulsions Death |
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Central Nervous System Depressants:
Overdose Possible Treatments |
If awake:
Induce vomiting. Give activated charcoal. Coma: Perform gastric lavage with activated charcoal Possibly perform hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Administer flumazenil (Romazicon) IV. |
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Central Nervous System Depressants:
Withdrawal Effects |
Cessation of prolonged-heavy use:
Nausea and vomiting Tachycardia Diaphoresis Anxiety or irritability Tremors in hands, fingers, eyelids Marked insomnia Grand mal seizures After 5-15 years of heavy use: Delirium |
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Central Nervous System Depressants:
Withdrawal Possible Treatments |
Perform carefully titrated detoxification with similar drug.
Note: Abrupt withdrawaf can lead to death. |
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For a person going through alcohol withdrawal, when will seizures most likely occur?
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7 to 48 hours after the cessation of alcohol.
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When will alcohol withdrawal delirium most likely to occur?
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2 to 3 days after cessation or reduction of alcohol intake and last 2 to 3 days.
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S&S of alcohol withdrawal delirium
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anxiety
insomnia anorexia delirium Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., tachycardia, diaphoresis, elevated blood pressure) Severe disturbance in sensorium (e.g., disorientation, clouding of consciousness) Perceptual disturbances (e.g., visual or tactile hallucinations) Fluctuating levels of consciousness (e.g., ranging from hyperexcitability to lethargy) Delusions (paranoid) Agitated behaviors Fever (100°F to 103°F). |
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Cocaine
Crack |
Central Nervous System Stimulants
(short-acting) |
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Amphetamines
Dextroamphetamine Methamphetamine Ice |
Central Nervous System Stimulants
(long-acting) |
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Cocaine, Crack Intoxication
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Physical:
Tachycardia Dilated pupils Elevated blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Insomnia Psychological-perceptual: Assaultiveness Grandiosity Impaired judgment Impaired social and occupational functioning Euphoria |
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Amphetamines Intoxication
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Increased energy
Severe effects: State resembling paranoid schizophrenia Paranoia with delusions Psychosis Visual, auditory, and tactile hallucinations Severe to panic levels of anxiety Potential for violence Note: Paranoia and ideas of reference may persist for months afterward. |
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Central Nervous System Stimulants:
Overdose Effects |
Respiratory distress
Ataxia Hyperpyrexia Convulsions Coma Stroke Myocardial infarction Death |
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Central Nervous System Stimulants:
Overdose Treatments |
Antipsychotics
Hyperpyrexia (ambient cooling) Convulsions (diazepam) Respiratory distress Cardiovascular shock Acidification of urine(ammonium chloride for amphetamine) |
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Central Nervous System Stimulants:
Withdrawal Effects |
Fatigue
Depression Agitation Apathy Anxiety Sleepiness Disortentation Lethargy Craving |
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Central Nervous System Stimulants:
Possible Withdrawal treatments |
Antidepressants (desipramine)
Dopamine agonist Bromocriptine |
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Opium (paregoric)
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Opiates
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Codeine
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Opiates
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Fentanyl(Sublimaze)
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Opiates
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Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
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Opiates
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Methadone (Dolophine)
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Opiates
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Morphine
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Opiates
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Meperidine (Demerol)
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Opiates
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Heroin
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Opiates
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Opiates Intoxication
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Physical:
Constricted pupils Decreased respiration Drowsiness Decreased blood pressure Slurred speech Psychomotor retardation Psychological-perceptual: Initial euphoria followed by dysphoria and impairment of attention, judgment, and memory. |
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Opiates Overdose Effects
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Possible dilation of pupils due to anoxia
Respiratory depression or arrest Coma Shock Convulsions Death |
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Opiates Possible Overdose Treatments
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Narcotic antagonist
naloxone (Narcan) |
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Opiates Withdrawal Effects
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Yawning
Insomnia Irritability Runny nose(rhinorrhea) Panic Diaphoresis Cramps Nausea and vomiting Muscle aches ("bone pain*) Chills Fever Lacrimation Diarrhea |
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Opiates: Possible Withdrawal Treatments
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Methadone tapering
Clonidine-naltrexone detoxification Buprenorphine substitution |
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
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Hallucinogens
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Psilocybin
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Hallucinogens
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Mescaline (peyote)
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Hallucinogens
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Phencyclidine
piperidine (PCP) |
Hallucinogens
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Hallucinogens:
LSD, Mescaline (peyote), Psilocybin intoxication |
Pupil dilation
Tachycardia Diaphoresis Palpitations Tremors Incoordination Elevated temperature, pulse, respiration. |
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Hallucinogens: PCP intoxication
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Vertical or horizontal nystagmus
Increased blood pressure, pulse, and temperature Ataxia Muscle rigidity Seizures Blank stare Chronic jerking Agitated, repetitive movements Belligerence, assaultiveness, impulsiveness Impaired judgment, impaired social and occupational functioning |
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Hallucinogens:
Psychological-Perceptual Effects |
Fear of going crazy
Paranoid ideas Marked anxiety, depression Synesthesia (e.g., colors are heard; sounds are seen) Depersonalization Hallucinations, although sensorium is clear Grandiosity (e.g., thinking one can fly) Severe effects: Hallucinations, paranoia Bizarre behavior (e.g., barking like a dog, grimacing, repetitive chanting speech) Regressive behavior Violent bizarre behaviors Very labile behaviors |
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Hallucinogens:
LSD, Mescaline (peyote), Psilocybin Overdose effects |
Psychosis
Brain damage Death |
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Hallucinogens:
PCP Overdose effects |
Psychosis
Possible hypertensive crisis or cardiovascular accident Respiratory arrest Hyperthermia Seizures |
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Hallucinogens: LSD, Mescaline (peyote), Psilocybin
Possible treatment for overdose |
Keep client in room with low
stimuli—minimal light, sound, activity. Have one person stay with client; reassure client, "talk down" client. Speak slowly and clearly in low voice. Give diazepam or chloralhydrate for extreme anxiety or tension. |
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Hallucinogens: PCP
Possible overdose treatments |
If alert:
Caution: Gastric lavage can lead to laryngeal spasms or aspiration. Acidify urine (cranberry juice, ascorbic acid); in acute stage, ammonium chloride acidifies urine to help excrete drug from body—may continue for 10-14 days. Put in room with minimal stimuli. Do not attempt to talk down! Speak slowly, clearly, and in a low voice. Administer diazepam. Haloperidol may be used for severe behavioral disturbance (not a phenothiazine). Institute medical intervention for: Hyperthermia High blood pressure Respiratory distress Hypertension |
