Chemical Texture Services

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The process of chemically altering the natural wave pattern of hair isL

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Chemical texture services

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The range of numbers used in the pH scale is:

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0-14

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Chemical hair texturizes temporarily raise the pH of the hair in order to:

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Soften and swell the shaft

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In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is:

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Highly Alkaline

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Chemical side bonds formed when two sulfer-type chains are joined together are:

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Disulfide Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are easily broken by water or heat and are re-formed when the hair is:

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Dried

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In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of the rod and the:

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Wrapping Method

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Rods that are equal in diameter along the entire length or curling area are:

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Straight Rod

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The wrapping technique that provides the most control over hair ends is the:

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Double Flat Wrap

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All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into:

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Panels

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In permanent waving, panels of the hair are divided into smaller sections called:

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Base Sections

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Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional:

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Stress and tension on the hair

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The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as:

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Base Direction

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The two method of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are:

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Croquignole and Spiral

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In the croquignole method of wrapping the hair is wound from:

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Ends to scalp

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Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called:

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Reduction

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In permanent waving the reduction reaction is due to the addition of:

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Hydrogen

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After applying permanent wave solution, if the cotton turns purple or the hair gets excessively hot, most likely the client has previously used:

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Metallic-based hair color

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The most comment reducing agents used are:

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Thioglycolic Acids

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Which permanent wave technique is hair wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers:

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Croquinole

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The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is:

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Ammonium Thioglycolate

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The permanent wave process:

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Rearranges the hairs chemical bonds

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Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between:

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9.0 and 9.6

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The main active ingredient in true acid and acid-balanced waving lotions is:

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Glyceryl Monothioglycolate

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All acid waves have three components consisting of the permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and:

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Activator

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Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between:

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7.8 and 8.2

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Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up:

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Processing

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Waves that are activated from an outside heat source are considered:

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Endothermic

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Hair that has too many disulfide bonds broken and will not hold a firm curl is considered:

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Over processed

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The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is:

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Thio Neutralization

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After the permanent wave process is complete the steps are to:

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Rinse, blot and apply neutralizer

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Base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits, in which wrapping patterns?

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Bricklay Permanent Wrap

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The double-rod wrap technique is also called the:

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Piggyback Wrap

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Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of :

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Abrasions

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The most common type of perm rod:

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Concave rod

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Also known as the circle rod:

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Loop rod

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Tough exterior layer of the hair

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Cuticle

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Compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen, and sulger

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Amino Acid

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Long, coiled polypeptide chians

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Keratin Proteins

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Permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH

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Acid-balanced waves

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Hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod

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Spiral perm wrap

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Also known as a straight set wrap

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Basic permanent wrap

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The cortex layer of the hair structure is responsible for the hair's:

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Strength and Elasticity

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The term pH is an abbreviation used for:

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Potential Hydrogen

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The size of the rod determines:

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The size of the curl

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The bookend wrap uses:

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One end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope

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Half off base placement minimizes:

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Stress and tension on the hair

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Alkaline waves are known as:

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Cold waves

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The strength of any permanent wave is based on:

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the concentration of its reducing agent

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The most common neutralizer is:

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hydrogen peroxide

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The wave technique uses

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zigzag partings to divide base areas