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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genome
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The sum total of genetic information
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Gene
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A length of DNA that encodes a particular protein
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Trait
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The function of one protein, or a group of proteins
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Helicase
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An enzyme the aids the separation and replication of DNA
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DNA Polymerase
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Enzyme that strings together nucleotides to match a parent DNA sequence
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Transcription & Translation
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Protein synthesis occurs in two steps called…..
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Structural Genes
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These genes code proteins that form organs and structural characteristics
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Regulatory Genes
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These genes code proteins that determine functional or physiological events, such as growth
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Nucleosomes
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Chromosomes are long chains of subunits called…..
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Histones
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Each nucleosome is composed of a short length of DNA wrapped around a core of small proteins called….
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Chromatin
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The combination of DNA with histones is called…..
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Interphase & Mitosis
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Two major periods within the cell cycle
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G1, S, & G2
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Interphase is divided into these three phases
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G1 Phase
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Period of interphase when metabolism and protein synthesis are occurring at a high rate. Most of the cell growth occurs at this time
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S Phase
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Period of interphase when the cell begins to prepare for division by replicating the DNA and proteins necessary to form a new set of chromosomes
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G2 Phase
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final period of interphase when more proteins are produced and the centrioles are replicated
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Mitosis
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Process by which a cell distributes its duplicated chromosomes so that each daughter cell has a full set.
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Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
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The four phases of Mitosis
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Prophase
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First stage of mitosis when the chromatin condenses into chromosomes within the nucleus and becomes visible with a microscope
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Metaphase
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Second phase of Mitosis when the spindle fibers pull the chromosomes into alignment creating the metaphase plate. This arrangement insures that one copy of each chromosome is distributed to each daughter cell
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Anaphase
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Third phase of Mitosis when the chromatids are separated from each other as the centromere divides. Each former chromatid is now called a chromosome
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Telophase
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Final phase of Mitosis when a nuclear membrane forms around the chromosomes
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Cytokinesis
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Process following Telophase that produces two, nearly identical cells
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Meiosis
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The process of creating four daughter cells, each with single unduplicated chromosomes
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Haploid
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One of the four daughter cells produced from Meiosis, each with single unduplicated chromosomes
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Diploid
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Parent cell at the beginning of meiosis
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