Chemical Interactions Chapter 1 Atoms And Bonding

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matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

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Element

Back 2

A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means.

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Compound

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A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.

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Mixture

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Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined.

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Atom

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The smallest particle of an element.

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Scientific Theory

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A well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations.

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Model

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Physical, mental, visual, and other representations of an idea to help people understand a concept that they cannot observe directly.

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Electrons

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Negatively charged particles that move around outside the nucleus of an atom.

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Nucleus

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The central core of the atom, containing protons and usually neutrons.

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Protons

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Small, positively charged particles that are found in the nucleus or an atom.

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Energy Level

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A region of an atom in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found.

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Neutrons

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Small, uncharged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Valence Electrons

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The electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical reactions.

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Electron Dot Diagrams

Back 14

A representation of the valence electrons in an atom, using dots.

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Chemical Bond

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The force that holds atoms together.

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Symbol

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A one or two letter set of characters that is used to identify an element.

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Atomic Number

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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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Period

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Elements in the same horizontal row of the periodic table.

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Group

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Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called a family.

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Noble gases

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An element of Group 18 of the periodic table (non reactive)

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Halogen

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An element belonging to Group 17 of the periodic table.

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Alkali Metal

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An element belonging to Group 1 of the periodic table.

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Ion

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An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged.

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Polyatomic Ion

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An ion that is made of more than one atom.

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Ionic Bond

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The attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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Ionic Compound

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A compound that consists of positive and negative ions.

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Chemical Formula

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A combination of symbols that represents the elements in a compound.

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Subscript

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A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound.

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Crystal

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An orderly, three-dimensional pattern of ions or atoms in a solid.

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Covalent Bond

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A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electons.

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Molecule

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A neutral particle made of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds.

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Double Bond

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A chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons.

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Triple Bond

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A chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons.

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Molecular compound

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A compound that is composed of molecules.

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Polar Bond

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A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally.

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Nonpolar Bond

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A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally.

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Metallic Bond

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An attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it.

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Alloy

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A material made of two or more elements that has the properties of a metal.

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Ductile

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A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.

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Malleable

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A term used to describe material that can be hammered or rolled into shape.