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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens in macroscopic properties in a chemical equilibrium? |
There is no change. |
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What is the equation for the equilibrium constant? |
Kc= ([C]^c[D]^d)/ ([A]^a[B]^b) |
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What is the extent of the reaction when Kc<10^-3? |
There is effectively no reaction. |
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What is the extent of the reaction when Kc has a value from 10^-3 to 10^3. |
There is significant quantities of reactants and products at equilibrium. |
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What is the extent of the reaction when Kc>10^3? |
Reaction is effectively complete. |
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Why is partition coefficients an equilibrium? |
Eventually the rate from the lower layer to the upper layer becomes the same from the upper layer to the lower layer. |
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How does solvent extraction work? |
Partition coefficients can be used to extract and purify a desired product from a reaction mixture using a separating funnel. This relies on one product being more soluble in one liquid phase than the other. |
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Why does separation occur in chromatography? |
The substances have different partition coefficients between the stationary and mobile stage. Substances present in the initial mixture which partition more strongly into the stationary stage will move slower. |
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Which is a proton acceptor, an acid or a base? |
A base. |
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When the acid is NaO3 and the base is H2O, what is the conjugated acid? |
H3O+ |
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What is an amphoteric? |
Can behave as both a base and an acid. |
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What is the equation for the pH? |
pH= -log10[H+] |
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What is the equation to calculate the pH of week acids? |
pH= 1/2pKa- 1/2logc |
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How else can pKa be written? |
-logKa |
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What is a basic buffer made from? |
A solution of a week base and one of its salts. |
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What happens if acid is added to an acidic buffer? |
Extra hydrogen ions in the buffer upset the equilibrium situation in the weak acid. The position of equilibrium shifts and the large reserve of A- ions from the salt allows H+ ions to be removed. The A- ions provide the conjugate base. |
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What happens if hydroxide is added to an acidic buffer? |
Extra hydroxide ions in the buffer react with Some H+ ions and upset the equilibrium situation in the weak acid. The position of equilibrium shifts and the large reserve of HA molecules from the weak acid allow H+ ions to be restored. |
