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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Law of mass action |
Cm guldberg and pwage 1864 Rate at which a reaction proceeds is directly proportional to the product of active masses of reactants. |
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Active mass |
The term active mass represents the concentration in mole per dm3 of reactants and products in a dilute solution. |
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Direction of reaction |
1.ratio less then kc ,more product required 2.ratio greater then kc, reverse reaction occurs 3.ratio equal to kc,reaction is at equilibrium |
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Position of kc |
1. If kc is large,position of equilibrium lies on the right 2. If small then lies on left # for reversable reaction |
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Le chateliers principle |
If stress is applied to a system at equilibrium the system acts in such a way so as to nullify as far as possible the effect of that stress |
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Points of le ch. Principle |
1. Effect of change in concentration 2. Change in pressure or volume 3. Quantitative effect of volume on equilibrium position. 4. Change in temprature. 5. Catalyst on equilibrium constant |
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Change in conc. |
Bicl3 + H2O >> BiOCl + H2O |
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Change in P or V |
2SO2 + O2 >> 2SO3 |
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Quantitative effect of V on equilibrium position |
1. 2SO2 + O2 >> 2SO3 2. PCl5 >> PCl + Cl2 |
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Change in temperature |
1. CO + H2O >> CO2 + H2 ♡H= -41.84 KJ/mol 2. KI(s) >> KI(aq) ♡H= 21.4 KJ/mol 3. LiCL and Li2CO3 |
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Habers process |
German chemist F.haber in 1933 N2 + 3H2 >> 2NH3 ♡H= -92.46 KJ 1. Continual withdrawal of ammonia after equal intervals. 2. Increase P and decrease V 3. Decrease T will shiftcit to forward direction. |
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Conditions of habber process |
200 and 300 atm at about 400c (673K) Catalyst is Fe crystals embeddedin a fused mixture of (MgO,Al2O3,SiO2) >> activators |
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Equilibrium mixture has - % by volume of ammonia |
33% |
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Boiling point of ammonia |
-33.4 degree C |
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Some values |
>>Nearly 13% of all N fixation on earth is accomplished industrially >>This process synthesizes 110 million tons of ammonia in the world >>About 80% is used in fertilizers |
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Contact process |
## 2SO2 + O2 >> 2SO3 ♡H= -194KJ/mol ## For manufacture of H2SO4 (king of chemicals) ## SO2 into SO3 then dissolve in H2SO4 to get oleum which is diluted to get H2SO4 SO3 + H2SO4 >> H2S2O7 (pyrosulphuric acid) ## H2S2O7 + H2O >> H2SO4-100% |
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Conditions for contact process |
For time mixture of SO2 and O2 at 1atm is passed over solid catalyst at 650 degree celcius. 400-500 c V2O5 and finely divided platinum |
